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 Retinal bipolar cell
Mode: Overview Data/Search plus Connectivity plus Classical References/Notes Models BrainPharm
Region:
Distal equivalent dendrite Middle equivalent dendrite Proximal equivalent dendrite Soma Axon hillock Axon fiber Axon terminal All Compartments
Properities: Receptors Channels Transmitters All Properties
Interoperation: Gene and Chromosome
Are:
 Present   Absent 
Neuron Type: interneuron
Organism: Vertebrates
Input Receptors
Axon terminal
; amacrineGaba
GABA(A) and GABA(C) receptor-mediated currents were observed in the isolated terminal (Pan ZH, 2001374 ). Isolated rod-dominant on-center bipolar cells respond to GABA, the highest sensitivity of which being located at the axon terminal (Tachibana M and Kaneko A, 1987386 ). Zn2+ modulates the inhibitory interaction between amacrine and bipolar cells, particularly that mediated by the GABA(C) receptor(Kaneda and Andrasfalvy B and Kaneko A, 2000387 ) In retinal bipolar cells of bullfrog, both axon terminals and dendrites showed high GABA sensitivity mediated by both GABA(A) and GABA(C) receptors. GABA(A) and GABA(C) receptors may play different roles in the outer and inner retina and the differential complements of the two receptors on OFF and ON BCs may be closely related to physiological functions of these cells (Du JL and Yang XL, 2000395 ). GABA(A) receptors mediate GABAergic inhibition on bipolar cell dendrites in the OPL, that GABA(A) and GABA(C) receptors mediate inhibition on axon terminals in the IPL, and that the GABA(C):GABA(A) on the terminals may tune the response characteristics of the bipolar cell (Shields CR, Tran M and Wong RO and Lukasiewicz PD, 2000396 ). ; The rod-dominant ON-type bipolar cells and some bipolar cells with a small axon terminal receive negative feedback inputs from GABAergic amacrine cells (Tachibana M and Kaneko A, 1988384 ). Depolarization induced transient outward currents that resembled IPSCs and were blocked by GABA and glycine receptor antagonists, suggesting that they arise from activation of amacrine feedback synapses (Protti DA and Llano I, 1998378 ). The OFF cone bipolar cells seem dominated by glycinergic input and the ON cone bipolar and rod bipolar cells by GABAergic input (Grunert U, 2000451 ). The responses of most retinal ganglion cells are transient because bipolar-to-ganglion cell transmission is truncated after 150 msec by a feedback inhibition to bipolar cell terminals from GABAergic amacrine cells; the feedback inhibition itself must be delayed by approximately 150 msec to allow the initial bipolar-ganglion cell transmission. One source of the delay appears to be glycinergic amacrine cells to GABAergic amacrine cells to bipolar cell terminals. Results suggest that, after a light flash, a population of glycinergic amacrine cells responds first, inhibiting a population of GABAergic amacrine cells for approximately 150 msec. The GABAergic amacrine cells feed back to bipolar terminals, only after the 150 msec delay, thus allowing the bipolar terminals to excite ganglion cells for the first 150 msec. (Roska and Nemeth E and Werblin FS, 1998452 ).
amacrineGlycine
Depolarization induced transient outward currents that resembled IPSCs and were blocked by GABA and glycine receptor antagonists, suggesting that they arise from activation of amacrine feedback synapses (Protti DA and Llano I, 1998378 ). The OFF cone bipolar cells seem dominated by glycinergic input and the ON cone bipolar and rod bipolar cells by GABAergic input (Grunert U, 2000451 ).
presynaptic receptorsmGluR
Group III mGluRs mediate a direct suppression of bipolar cell transmitter release, through a mechanism of presynaptic autoreceptors (Awatramani GB and Slaughter MM, 2001394 ).
Classical References: first publications on each compartmental property; search PubMed for complete list
374.Pan ZH. (2001) Voltage-activated Ca2+ channels and ionotropic GABA receptors localized at axon terminals of mammalian retinal bipolar cells. Vis Neurosci. 18:2:279-288.
378.Protti DA and Llano I. (1998) Calcium currents and calcium signaling in rod bipolar cells of rat retinal slices. J Neurosci. 18:10:3715-3724.
384.Tachibana M and Kaneko A. (1988) Retinal bipolar cells receive negative feedback input from GABAergic amacrine cells. Vis Neurosci. 1:3:297-305.
386.Tachibana M and Kaneko A. (1987) gamma-Aminobutyric acid exerts a local inhibitory action on the axon terminal of bipolar cells: evidence for negative feedback from amacrine cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 84:10:3501-3505.
387.Kaneda and Andrasfalvy B and Kaneko A. (2000) Modulation by Zn2+ of GABA responses in bipolar cells of the mouse retina. Vis Neurosci. 17:2:273-281.
394.Awatramani GB and Slaughter MM. (2001) Intensity-dependent, rapid activation of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors at a central synapse. J Neurosci. 21:2:741-749.
395.Du JL and Yang XL. (2000) Subcellular localization and complements of GABA(A) and GABA(C) receptors on bullfrog retinal bipolar cells. J Neurophysiol. 84:2:666-676.
396.Shields CR, Tran M and Wong RO and Lukasiewicz PD. (2000) Distinct ionotropic GABA receptors mediate presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition in retinal bipolar cells. J Neurosci. 20:7:2673-2682.
451.Grunert U. (2000) Distribution of GABA and glycine receptors on bipolar and ganglion cells in the mammalian retina. Microsc Res Tech. 50:2:130-140.
452.Roska and Nemeth E and Werblin FS. (1998) Response to change is facilitated by a three-neuron disinhibitory pathway in the tiger salamander retina. J Neurosci. 18:9:3451-3459.
 
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