Synchronicity of fast-spiking interneurons balances medium-spiny neurons (Damodaran et al. 2014)

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Accession:156260
This study investigates the role of feedforward and feedback inhibition in maintaining the balance between D1 and D2 MSNs of the striatum. The synchronized firing of FSIs are found to be critical in this mechanism and specifically the gap junction connections between FSIs.
Reference:
1 . Damodaran S, Evans RC, Blackwell KT (2014) Synchronized firing of fast-spiking interneurons is critical to maintain balanced firing between direct and indirect pathway neurons of the striatum. J Neurophysiol 111:836-48 [PubMed]
Citations  Citation Browser
Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Realistic Network;
Brain Region(s)/Organism:
Cell Type(s): Neostriatum medium spiny direct pathway GABA cell; Neostriatum medium spiny indirect pathway GABA cell; Neostriatum fast spiking interneuron;
Channel(s):
Gap Junctions: Gap junctions;
Receptor(s): NMDA; Gaba;
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: GENESIS;
Model Concept(s): Detailed Neuronal Models; Parkinson's;
Implementer(s): Blackwell, Avrama [avrama at gmu.edu]; Damodaran, Sriraman [dsriraman at gmail.com];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  Neostriatum medium spiny direct pathway GABA cell; Neostriatum medium spiny indirect pathway GABA cell; NMDA; Gaba;
/*======================================================================
  A GENESIS GUI for network models, with a  control panel, a graph with
  axis scaling, and a network view to visualize Vm in each cell
  ======================================================================*/

//=========================================
//      Function definitions used by GUI
//=========================================

function overlaytoggle(widget)
    str widget
    setfield /##[TYPE=xgraph] overlay {getfield {widget} state}
end

function change_stepsize(dialog)
   str dialog
   dt =  {getfield {dialog} value}
   setclock 0 {dt}
   echo "Changing step size to "{dt}
end
/*
function inj_toggle // toggles current injection ON/OFF
    if ({getfield /control/injtoggle state} == 1)
        setfield /injectpulse level1 1.0        // ON
    else
        setfield /injectpulse level1 0.0        // OFF
    end
end

function add_injection
   int cell_no
   cell_no = ({getfield /control/cell_no value})
   if (cell_no > {NX*NY-1})
      echo "There are only "{NX*NY}" cells - numbering begins with 0"
      return
   end
   InjCell = cell_no
   if (({getmsg /injectpulse/injcurr -outgoing -count}) > 0)
      deletemsg /injectpulse/injcurr  0 -outgoing      // only outgoing message
   end
  addmsg /injectpulse/injcurr /SPnetwork/cell[{cell_no}]/soma INJECT output
   echo "Current injection is to cell number "{cell_no}
end

function set_injection
   str dialog = "/control"
   set_inj_timing {getfield {dialog}/injectdelay value}  \
       {getfield {dialog}/width value} {getfield {dialog}/interval value}
   setfield /injectpulse/injcurr gain {getfield {dialog}/inject value}
   echo "Injection current = "{getfield {dialog}/inject value}
   echo "Injection pulse delay = "{getfield {dialog}/injectdelay value}" sec"
   echo "Injection pulse width = "{getfield {dialog}/width value}" sec"
   echo "Injection pulse interval = "{getfield {dialog}/interval value}" sec"
end
*/

/*  A subset of the functions defined in genesis/startup/xtools.g
    These are used to provide a "scale" button to graphs.
    "makegraphscale path_to_graph" creates the button and the popup
     menu to change the graph scale.
*/

function setgraphscale(graph)
    str graph
    str form = graph @ "_scaleform"
    str xmin = {getfield {form}/xmin value}
    str xmax = {getfield {form}/xmax value}
    str ymin = {getfield {form}/ymin value}
    str ymax = {getfield {form}/ymax value}
    setfield {graph} xmin {xmin} xmax {xmax} ymin {ymin} ymax {ymax}
    xhide {form}
end

function showgraphscale(form)
    str form
    str x, y
    // find the parent form
    str parent = {el {form}/..}
    while (!{isa xform {parent}})
        parent = {el {parent}/..}
    end
    x = {getfield {parent} xgeom}
    y = {getfield {parent} ygeom}
    setfield {form} xgeom {x} ygeom {y}
    xshow {form}
end

function makegraphscale(graph)
    if ({argc} < 1)
        echo usage: makegraphscale graph
        return
    end
    str graph
    str graphName = {getpath {graph} -tail}
    float x, y
    str form = graph @ "_scaleform"
    str parent = {el {graph}/..}
    while (!{isa xform {parent}})
        parent = {el {parent}/..}
    end

    x = {getfield {graph} x}
    y = {getfield {graph} y}

    create xbutton {graph}_scalebutton  \
        [{getfield {graph} xgeom},{getfield {graph} ygeom},50,25] \
           -title scale -script "showgraphscale "{form}
    create xform {form} [{x},{y},180,170] -nolabel

    disable {form}
    pushe {form}
    create xbutton DONE [10,5,55,25] -script "setgraphscale "{graph}
    create xbutton CANCEL [70,5,55,25] -script "xhide "{form}
    create xdialog xmin [10,35,160,25] -value {getfield {graph} xmin}
    create xdialog xmax [10,65,160,25] -value {getfield {graph} xmax}
    create xdialog ymin [10,95,160,25] -value {getfield {graph} ymin}
    create xdialog ymax [10,125,160,25] -value {getfield {graph} ymax}
    pope
end

/* Add some interesting colors to any widgets that have been created */
function colorize
    setfield /##[ISA=xlabel] fg white bg blue3
    setfield /##[ISA=xbutton] offbg rosybrown1 onbg rosybrown1
    setfield /##[ISA=xtoggle] onfg red offbg cadetblue1 onbg cadetblue1
    setfield /##[ISA=xdialog] bg palegoldenrod
    setfield /##[ISA=xgraph] bg ivory
end


//==================================
//    Functions to set up the GUI
//==================================
//str graphlabel = "Network of Spiny Projection neurons with Fast Spiking interneuronal input"
str graphlabel = "Control w/ 20Hz GABA"

float tmax = 3		// simulation time
float dt = 50e-6		// simulation time step
float SEP_X = 500e-6 // 500 um
float SEP_Y = 500e-6
float syn_weight = 6 // synaptic weight, effectively multiplies gmax
float cond_vel = 0.5 // m/sec - GABA and the Basal Ganglia by Tepper et al
float syn_weight2 = 4 // synaptic weight, effectively multiplies gmax
float cond_vel2 = 1.4 // m/sec - GABA and the Basal Ganglia by Tepper et al
int NI_X = 3
int NI_Y = 3
int NI_Z = 3
int NX = 3  //{sqrt {getglobal numCells_{net}}}   number of cells = NX*NY
int NY = NX
int NZ = NX
float CI_X = 25e-6
float CI_Y = 25e-6
float prop_delay = {CI_X}/{cond_vel}
float prop_delay2 = {SEP_X}/{cond_vel2}
float gmax = 4e-9 // 1 nS - possibly a little small for this cell
float gmax2 = 4e-9
int num_inter_connections = 100

function make_control
    create xform /control [10,50,250,460]
    pushe /control
    create xlabel label -hgeom 25 -bg cyan -label "CONTROL PANEL"
    create xbutton RESET -wgeom 25%       -script reset
    create xbutton RUN  -xgeom 0:RESET -ygeom 0:label -wgeom 25% \
         -script step_tmax
    create xbutton STOP  -xgeom 0:RUN -ygeom 0:label -wgeom 25% \
         -script stop
    create xbutton QUIT -xgeom 0:STOP -ygeom 0:label -wgeom 25% -script quit
    create xdialog stepsize -title "dt (sec)" -value {dt} \
                -script "change_stepsize <widget>"
    create xtoggle overlay   -script "overlaytoggle <widget>"
    setfield overlay offlabel "Overlay OFF" onlabel "Overlay ON" state 0
    create xlabel connlabel -label "Connection Parameters"
	create xdialog Inter_connection -label "Number of interconnections per neuron" -value {num_inter_connections}
    create xdialog gmax -label "Inhchan gmax (S)" -value {gmax} \
        -script "setfield /network/cell[]/soma/Inh_channel gmax <v>"
    create xdialog gmax2 -label "Exchan gmax (S)" -value {gmax2} \	
	-script "setfield /network/cell[]/soma/Ex_channel gmax <v>"
    create xdialog weight -label " Cortical input Weight" -wgeom 50% \
	-value {syn_weight} -script "set_weights <v>"
    create xdialog weight2 -label "SP network Weight" -wgeom 50% \
	-value {syn_weight} -script "set_weights2 <v>"
    create xdialog propdelay -label "Cortical input Delay" -wgeom 50% -xgeom 0:weight \
	-ygeom 0:gmax -value {prop_delay}  -script "set_delays <v>"
    create xdialog propdelay2 -label "SP network Delay" -wgeom 50% -xgeom 0:weight \
	-ygeom 0:gmax -value {prop_delay}  -script "set_delays2 <v>"
   /* create xlabel stimlabel -label "Stimulation Parameters"
    create xtoggle injtoggle -label "" -script inj_toggle
    setfield injtoggle offlabel "Current Injection OFF"
    setfield injtoggle onlabel "Current Injection ON" state 1 
    inj_toggle     // initialize
    create xlabel numbering -label "Lower Left = 0; Center = "{middlecell}
    create xdialog cell_no -label "Inject Cell:" -value {InjCell}  \
        -script "add_injection"
    create xdialog inject -label "Injection (Amp)" -value {injcurrent}  \
        -script "set_injection"
    create xdialog injectdelay -label "Delay (sec)" -value {injdelay}  \
        -script "set_injection"
    create xdialog width -label "Width (sec)" -value {injwidth}  \
        -script "set_injection"
    create xdialog interval -label "Interval (sec)" -value {injinterval}  \
        -script "set_injection"
	*/	
    create xlabel randact -label "Random background activation"
    create xdialog randfreq -label "Frequency (Hz)" -value 0 \
	-script "set_frequency <v>"
    pope
    xshow /control
end


function make_Vmgraph
    float vmin = -0.1
    float vmax = 0.15
    create xform /data [265,50,400,460]
    create xlabel /data/label -hgeom 5% -label {graphlabel}
    create xgraph /data/voltage -hgeom 80% -title "Membrane Potential" -bg white
    setfield ^ XUnits sec YUnits V
    setfield ^ xmax {tmax} ymin {vmin} ymax {vmax}
    makegraphscale /data/voltage
    create xgraph /data/spike -hgeom 15% -ygeom 0:voltage \
	-title "Spike" -bg white
    setfield ^ XUnits sec YUnits A
    setfield ^ xmax {tmax} ymin {0} ymax {1e-9}
    makegraphscale /data/spike
    /* Set up plotting messages, with offsets */
    // middlecell is a middle point (exactly, if NX and NY are odd)
    /*
      addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[0]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"0" *black 1 0
      addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[1]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"1" *blue 1 0
       addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[2]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"2" *red 1 0
      addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[3]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"3" *black 1 0.05 
        addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[4]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"4" *blue 1 0.05
        addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[5]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"5" *red 1 0.05
       addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[6]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"6" *black 1 0.1
        addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[7]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"7" *blue 1 0.1
         addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[8]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"8" *red 1 0.1
    */
   
    addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[0]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"L corner 0 " *black 1 0
    //addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[{{round {(NY-1)/2}}*NX}]/soma  /data/voltage \
    //    PLOTSCALE Vm *"R edge "{{round {(NY-1)/2}}*NX} *blue  1 0
    addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[49]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"center 49" *blue 1 0.05
    addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[99]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"R corner 99" *red 1 0.1

/*
 addmsg /FSnetwork/FScell[0]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"L corner 0 " *black 1 0
    //addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[{{round {(NY-1)/2}}*NX}]/soma  /data/voltage \
    //    PLOTSCALE Vm *"R edge "{{round {(NY-1)/2}}*NX} *blue  1 0
    addmsg /FSnetwork/FScell[12]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"center 49" *blue 1 0.05
    addmsg /FSnetwork/FScell[24]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"R corner 99" *red 1 0.1
*/
/*
addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[1]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"L corner 1 " *black 1 0
    //addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[{{round {(NY-1)/2}}*NX}]/soma  /data/voltage \
    //    PLOTSCALE Vm *"R edge "{{round {(NY-1)/2}}*NX} *blue  1 0
    addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[4]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"center 4" *blue 1 0.05
 addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[3]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"center 3" *green 1 0.05
    addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[5]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"center 5" *black 1 0.05
    addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[8]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"R corner 8" *red 1 0.1
*/   
    //addmsg /injectpulse/injcurr /data/injection PLOT output *injection *black
    xshow /data
end


function make_Cagraph
    float vmin = -0.1
    float vmax = 0.15
    create xform /Cadata [265,50,400,460]
    create xlabel /Cadata/label -hgeom 5% -label {graphlabel}
    create xgraph /Cadata/Calevel -hgeom 80% -title "Ca2+ level" -bg white
    setfield ^ XUnits sec YUnits M
    //setfield ^ xmax {tmax} ymin {vmin} ymax {vmax}
    makegraphscale /Cadata/Calevel
    //create xgraph /data/spike -hgeom 15% -ygeom 0:voltage \
//	-title "Spike" -bg white
  //  setfield ^ XUnits sec YUnits A
   // setfield ^ xmax {tmax} ymin {0} ymax {1e-9}
   // makegraphscale /data/spike
    /* Set up plotting messages, with offsets */
    // middlecell is a middle point (exactly, if NX and NY are odd)
    /*
      addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[0]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"0" *black 1 0
      addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[1]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"1" *blue 1 0
       addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[2]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"2" *red 1 0
      addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[3]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"3" *black 1 0.05 
        addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[4]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"4" *blue 1 0.05
        addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[5]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"5" *red 1 0.05
       addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[6]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"6" *black 1 0.1
        addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[7]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"7" *blue 1 0.1
         addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[8]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"8" *red 1 0.1
    */
   
    addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[0]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"L corner 0 " *black 1 0
    //addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[{{round {(NY-1)/2}}*NX}]/soma  /data/voltage \
    //    PLOTSCALE Vm *"R edge "{{round {(NY-1)/2}}*NX} *blue  1 0
    addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[49]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"center 49" *blue 1 0.05
    addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[99]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"R corner 99" *red 1 0.1

/*
 addmsg /FSnetwork/FScell[0]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"L corner 0 " *black 1 0
    //addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[{{round {(NY-1)/2}}*NX}]/soma  /data/voltage \
    //    PLOTSCALE Vm *"R edge "{{round {(NY-1)/2}}*NX} *blue  1 0
    addmsg /FSnetwork/FScell[12]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"center 49" *blue 1 0.05
    addmsg /FSnetwork/FScell[24]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"R corner 99" *red 1 0.1
*/
/*
addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[1]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"L corner 1 " *black 1 0
    //addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[{{round {(NY-1)/2}}*NX}]/soma  /data/voltage \
    //    PLOTSCALE Vm *"R edge "{{round {(NY-1)/2}}*NX} *blue  1 0
    addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[4]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"center 4" *blue 1 0.05
 addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[3]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"center 3" *green 1 0.05
    addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[5]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"center 5" *black 1 0.05
    addmsg /SPnetwork/SPcell[8]/soma /data/voltage PLOTSCALE \
	Vm *"R corner 8" *red 1 0.1
*/   
    //addmsg /injectpulse/injcurr /data/injection PLOT output *injection *black
    xshow /data
end

function make_netview  // sets up xview widget to display Vm of each cell
    create xform /netview [670,50,300,300]
    create xdraw /netview/draw [0%,0%,100%, 100%]
    // Make the display region a little larger than the cell array
    setfield /netview/draw xmin {-SEP_X} xmax {NX*SEP_X} \
	ymin {-SEP_Y} ymax {NY*SEP_Y}
    create xview /netview/draw/view
    setfield /netview/draw/view path /SPnetwork/SPcell[]/soma field Vm \
	value_min -0.08 value_max 0.03 viewmode colorview sizescale {SEP_X}
    xshow /netview
end


function make_inview  // sets up xview widget to display Vm of each cell
    create xform /inview [1070,50,300,300]
    create xdraw /inview/draw [0%,0%,100%, 100%]
    // Make the display region a little larger than the cell array
    setfield /inview/draw xmin {-CI_X} xmax {NI_X*CI_X} \
	ymin {-CI_Y} ymax {NI_Y*CI_Y}
    create xview /inview/draw/view
    setfield /inview/draw/view path /in/input[] field state \
	value_min -0.08 value_max 0.03 viewmode colorview sizescale {CI_X}
    xshow /inview
end