The origin of different spike and wave-like events (Hall et al 2017)

 Download zip file 
Help downloading and running models
Accession:235561
Acute In vitro models have revealed a great deal of information about mechanisms underlying many types of epileptiform activity. However, few examples exist that shed light on spike and wave (SpW) patterns of pathological activity. SpW are seen in many epilepsy syndromes, both generalised and focal, and manifest across the entire age spectrum. They are heterogeneous in terms of their severity, symptom burden and apparent anatomical origin (thalamic, neocortical or both), but any relationship between this heterogeneity and underlying pathology remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that physiological delta frequency rhythms act as an effective substrate to permit modelling of SpW of cortical origin and may help to address this issue. ..."
Reference:
1 . Hall SP, Traub RD, Adams NE, Cunningham MO, Schofield I, Jenkins AJ, Whittington MA (2018) Enhanced interlaminar excitation or reduced superficial layer inhibition in neocortex generates different spike-and-wave-like electrographic events in vitro. J Neurophysiol 119:49-61 [PubMed]
Citations  Citation Browser
Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Realistic Network;
Brain Region(s)/Organism: Neocortex; Thalamus;
Cell Type(s): Thalamus geniculate nucleus/lateral principal GLU cell; Thalamus reticular nucleus GABA cell; Neocortex U1 L6 pyramidal corticalthalamic GLU cell; Neocortex U1 L2/6 pyramidal intratelencephalic GLU cell; Neocortex fast spiking (FS) interneuron; Neocortex spiking regular (RS) neuron; Neocortex spiking low threshold (LTS) neuron;
Channel(s): I Na,p; I Na,t; I L high threshold; I T low threshold; I A; I K; I M; I h; I K,Ca; I Calcium; I A, slow;
Gap Junctions: Gap junctions;
Receptor(s): GabaA; AMPA; NMDA;
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: FORTRAN;
Model Concept(s): Epilepsy;
Implementer(s): Traub, Roger D [rtraub at us.ibm.com];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  Thalamus geniculate nucleus/lateral principal GLU cell; Thalamus reticular nucleus GABA cell; Neocortex U1 L2/6 pyramidal intratelencephalic GLU cell; Neocortex U1 L6 pyramidal corticalthalamic GLU cell; GabaA; AMPA; NMDA; I Na,p; I Na,t; I L high threshold; I T low threshold; I A; I K; I M; I h; I K,Ca; I Calcium; I A, slow;
/
HallEtAl2017
readme.txt
dexptablebig_setup.f *
dexptablesmall_setup.f *
fnmda.f *
groucho_gapbld.f *
groucho_gapbld_mix.f *
integrate_deepaxaxx.f *
integrate_deepbaskx.f *
integrate_deepLTSx.f *
integrate_deepng.f *
integrate_nontuftRSXXB.f *
integrate_nrtxB.f *
integrate_spinstelldiegoxB.f *
integrate_supaxaxx.f *
integrate_supbaskx.f *
integrate_supLTSX.f *
integrate_supng.f *
integrate_suppyrFRBxPB.f *
integrate_suppyrRS.f *
integrate_suppyrRSXPB.f *
integrate_tcrxB.f *
integrate_tuftIBVx3B.f *
integrate_tuftRSXXB.f *
makefile *
otis_table_setup.f *
spikewaveS96.f
spikewaveS96.pdf
synaptic_map_construct.f *
                            
c 15 Sept 2006, start with /isoldeepVFOK/integrate_nRTx.f & add GABA-B
c Also fix bug noted by Tom Morse - see his 6/21/06 e-mail

! Integration program for nrt cells. 
! From dienf. : nrt_I cells, with low-threshold spikes                 

       SUBROUTINE integrate_nrtxB (O, time, numcell, V, curr,
     &  initialize, firstcell, lastcell,
     &  gAMPA, gNMDA, gGABA_A, gGABA_B,
     &  Mg, gapcon, totaxgj, gjtable, dt,
     &  chi,mnaf,mnap,
     &  hnaf,mkdr,mka,
     &  hka,mk2,hk2,
     &  mkm,mkc,mkahp,
     &  mcat,hcat,mcal,
     &  mar)

           SAVE

       integer, parameter:: numcomp = 59  ! should be compat. with calling prog

       INTEGER numcell, n, O, I, J, L, L1, totaxgj
       integer initialize, firstcell, lastcell
       INTEGER gjtable(totaxgj,4)
       real*8 time, Mg, gapcon, dt
c L = cell number relative to entire system

c CINV is 1/C, i.e. inverse capacitance
       real*8 v(numcomp,numcell), chi(numcomp,numcell),
     x cinv(numcomp), mnaf(numcomp,numcell),
     x hnaf(numcomp,numcell), mkdr(numcomp,numcell),
     x mka(numcomp,numcell),hka(numcomp,numcell),
     x mk2(numcomp,numcell),hk2(numcomp,numcell),
     x mkm(numcomp,numcell),mkc(numcomp,numcell),
     x mkahp(numcomp,numcell),mnap(numcomp,numcell),
     x mcat(numcomp,numcell),hcat(numcomp,numcell),
     x mcal(numcomp,numcell), betchi(numcomp),
     x mar(numcomp,numcell),jacob(numcomp,numcomp),
     x gam(0:numcomp,0:numcomp),gL(numcomp),gnaf(numcomp),
     x gnap(numcomp),gkdr(numcomp),gka(numcomp),
     x gk2(numcomp),gkm(numcomp),gkc(numcomp),gkahp(numcomp),
     x gcat(numcomp),gcaL(numcomp),gar(numcomp),
     x gampa(numcomp,numcell),gnmda(numcomp,numcell),
     x ggaba_a(numcomp,numcell),ggaba_b(numcomp,numcell),
     x curr(numcomp,numcell), cafor(numcomp),c(numcomp)
        real*8
     X alpham_naf(0:640),betam_naf(0:640),dalpham_naf(0:640),
     X   dbetam_naf(0:640),
     X alphah_naf(0:640),betah_naf(0:640),dalphah_naf(0:640),
     X   dbetah_naf(0:640),
     X alpham_kdr(0:640),betam_kdr(0:640),dalpham_kdr(0:640),
     X   dbetam_kdr(0:640),
     X alpham_ka(0:640), betam_ka(0:640),dalpham_ka(0:640) ,
     X   dbetam_ka(0:640),
     X alphah_ka(0:640), betah_ka(0:640), dalphah_ka(0:640),
     X   dbetah_ka(0:640),
     X alpham_k2(0:640), betam_k2(0:640), dalpham_k2(0:640),
     X   dbetam_k2(0:640),
     X alphah_k2(0:640), betah_k2(0:640), dalphah_k2(0:640),
     X   dbetah_k2(0:640),
     X alpham_km(0:640), betam_km(0:640), dalpham_km(0:640),
     X   dbetam_km(0:640),
     X alpham_kc(0:640), betam_kc(0:640), dalpham_kc(0:640),
     X   dbetam_kc(0:640),
     X alpham_cat(0:640),betam_cat(0:640),dalpham_cat(0:640),
     X   dbetam_cat(0:640),
     X alphah_cat(0:640),betah_cat(0:640),dalphah_cat(0:640),
     X   dbetah_cat(0:640),
     X alpham_caL(0:640),betam_caL(0:640),dalpham_caL(0:640),
     X   dbetam_caL(0:640),
     X alpham_ar(0:640), betam_ar(0:640), dalpham_ar(0:640),
     X   dbetam_ar(0:640)

c the f's are the functions giving 1st derivatives for evolution of
c the differential equations for the voltages (v), calcium (chi), and
c other state variables.
       real*8 fv(numcomp), fchi(numcomp),fmnaf(numcomp),
     x fhnaf(numcomp),fmkdr(numcomp),
     x fmka(numcomp),fhka(numcomp),
     x fmk2(numcomp),fhk2(numcomp),
     x fmkm(numcomp),fmkc(numcomp),fmkahp(numcomp),
     x fmcat(numcomp),fhcat(numcomp),
     x fmcal(numcomp),fmar(numcomp)

c below are for calculating the partial derivatives
       real*8 dfv_dv(numcomp,numcomp), dfv_dchi(numcomp), 
     x  dfv_dmnaf(numcomp),
     x  dfv_dhnaf(numcomp),dfv_dmkdr(numcomp),
     x  dfv_dmka(numcomp),dfv_dhka(numcomp),
     x  dfv_dmk2(numcomp),dfv_dhk2(numcomp),
     x  dfv_dmkm(numcomp),dfv_dmkc(numcomp),
     x  dfv_dmkahp(numcomp),dfv_dmcat(numcomp),
     x  dfv_dhcat(numcomp),dfv_dmcal(numcomp),
     x  dfv_dmar(numcomp)

        real*8 dfchi_dv(numcomp), dfchi_dchi(numcomp),
     x dfmnaf_dmnaf(numcomp), dfmnaf_dv(numcomp),dfhnaf_dhnaf(numcomp),
     x dfhnaf_dv(numcomp),dfmkdr_dmkdr(numcomp),
     x dfmkdr_dv(numcomp),
     x dfmka_dmka(numcomp),dfmka_dv(numcomp),
     x dfhka_dhka(numcomp),dfhka_dv(numcomp),
     x dfmk2_dmk2(numcomp),dfmk2_dv(numcomp),
     x dfhk2_dhk2(numcomp),dfhk2_dv(numcomp),
     x dfmkm_dmkm(numcomp),dfmkm_dv(numcomp),
     x dfmkc_dmkc(numcomp),dfmkc_dv(numcomp),
     x dfmcat_dmcat(numcomp),dfmcat_dv(numcomp),dfhcat_dhcat(numcomp),
     x dfhcat_dv(numcomp),dfmcal_dmcal(numcomp),dfmcal_dv(numcomp),
     x dfmar_dmar(numcomp),dfmar_dv(numcomp),dfmkahp_dchi(numcomp),
     x dfmkahp_dmkahp(numcomp), dt2, outrcd(20)

         REAL*8 vL,vk,vna,var,vca,vgaba_a,Z,Z1,Z2
         INTEGER  K1, NEIGH(numcomp,5), NNUM(numcomp)
         INTEGER level(numcomp)
       REAL*8 OPEN(numcomp),gamma(numcomp),gamma_prime(numcomp)
c gamma is function of chi used in calculating KC conductance
       REAL*8 alpham_ahp(numcomp), alpham_ahp_prime(numcomp)
       REAL*8 gna_tot(numcomp),gk_tot(numcomp)
       REAL*8 gca_tot(numcomp),gar_tot(numcomp)
       REAL*8 gca_high(numcomp)
c this will be gCa conductance corresponding to high-thresh channels
       double precision A, BB1, BB2

          if (initialize.eq.0) then
c         if (O.eq.1) then
       CALL   NRT_SETUP_I
     X   (alpham_naf, betam_naf, dalpham_naf, dbetam_naf,
     X    alphah_naf, betah_naf, dalphah_naf, dbetah_naf,
     X    alpham_kdr, betam_kdr, dalpham_kdr, dbetam_kdr,
     X    alpham_ka , betam_ka , dalpham_ka , dbetam_ka ,
     X    alphah_ka , betah_ka , dalphah_ka , dbetah_ka ,
     X    alpham_k2 , betam_k2 , dalpham_k2 , dbetam_k2 ,
     X    alphah_k2 , betah_k2 , dalphah_k2 , dbetah_k2 ,
     X    alpham_km , betam_km , dalpham_km , dbetam_km ,
     X    alpham_kc , betam_kc , dalpham_kc , dbetam_kc ,
     X    alpham_cat, betam_cat, dalpham_cat, dbetam_cat,
     X    alphah_cat, betah_cat, dalphah_cat, dbetah_cat,
     X    alpham_caL, betam_caL, dalpham_caL, dbetam_caL,
     X    alpham_ar , betam_ar , dalpham_ar , dbetam_ar)

        CALL NRTMAJ_I (GL,GAM,GKDR,GKA,GKC,GKAHP,GK2,GKM,
     X              GCAT,GCAL,GNAF,GNAP,GAR,
     X    CAFOR,JACOB,C,BETCHI,NEIGH,NNUM,LEVEL)

          do i = 1, numcomp
             cinv(i) = 1.d0 / c(i)
          end do

        VL = -75.d0
        VK = -100.d0
        VNA = 50.d0
        VCA = 125.d0
        VAR = -40.d0
        VGABA_A = -75.d0

c ? initialize membrane state variables?
          do L = 1, numcell    
          do i = 1, numcomp
        v(i,L) = -75.d0
          end do
          end do

          chi = 0.d0

        k1 = idnint (4.d0 * (v(1,1) + 120.d0))

       mnaf = 0.d0
       mnap = 0.d0
       mkdr = 0.d0
       mka = 0.d0
       mk2 = 0.d0
       mkm = 0.d0
       mkc = 0.d0
       mkahp = 0.d0
       mcat = 0.d0
       mcal = 0.d0

      hnaf = alphah_naf(k1)/(alphah_naf(k1)+betah_naf(k1))
      hka = alphah_ka(k1)/(alphah_ka(k1)+betah_ka(k1))
      hk2 = alphah_k2(k1)/(alphah_k2(k1)+betah_k2(k1))
      hcat=alphah_cat(k1)/(alphah_cat(k1)+betah_cat(k1))

c Program assumes A, BB1, BB2 defined in calling program
c as follows:
         A = DEXP(-2.847d0)
         BB1 = DEXP(-.693d0)
         BB2 = DEXP(-3.101d0)

c End initialization
                goto 4001

            endif

c          do 4000, L = 1, numcell    
           do 4000, L = firstcell, lastcell

       DO 301, I = 1, numcomp
          FV(I) = -GL(I) * (V(I,L) - VL) * cinv(i)
          DO 302, J = 1, NNUM(I)
             K = NEIGH(I,J)
302     FV(I) = FV(I) + GAM(I,K) * (V(K,L) - V(I,L)) * cinv(i)
301    CONTINUE


        CALL FNMDA (V, OPEN, numcell, numcomp, MG, L, 
     &    A, BB1, BB2)

      DO 421, I = 1, numcomp
421    FV(I) = FV(I) + ( CURR(I,L)
     X   - (gampa(I,L) + open(i) * gnmda(I,L))*V(I,L)
     X   - ggaba_a(I,L)*(V(I,L)-Vgaba_a) 
     X   - ggaba_b(I,L)*(V(I,L)-VK     ) ) * cinv(i)
c above assumes equil. potential for AMPA & NMDA = 0 mV

! gj code to follow here

       do m = 1, totaxgj
        if (gjtable(m,1).eq.L) then
         L1 = gjtable(m,3)
         igap1 = gjtable(m,2)
         igap2 = gjtable(m,4)
 	fv(igap1) = fv(igap1) + gapcon *
     &   (v(igap2,L1) - v(igap1,L)) * cinv(igap1)
        else if (gjtable(m,3).eq.L) then
         L1 = gjtable(m,1)
         igap1 = gjtable(m,4)
         igap2 = gjtable(m,2)
 	fv(igap1) = fv(igap1) + gapcon *
     &   (v(igap2,L1) - v(igap1,L)) * cinv(igap1)
        endif
       end do ! do m

       do i = 1, numcomp
c Per Tom Morse's noticing the error, change L1 to L in next 2 lines
        gamma(i) = dmin1 (1.d0, .004d0 * chi(i,L))
        if (chi(i,L).le.250.d0) then
          gamma_prime(i) = .004d0
        else
          gamma_prime(i) = 0.d0
        endif
       end do

      DO 88, I = 1, numcomp
       gna_tot(i) = gnaf(i) * (mnaf(i,L1)**3) * hnaf(i,L1) +
     x     gnap(i) * (mnaf(i,L1)**3)
       gk_tot(i) = gkdr(i) * (mkdr(i,L1)**4) +
     x             gka(i)  * (mka(i,L1)**4) * hka(i,L1) +
     x             gk2(i)  * mk2(i,L1) * hk2(i,L1) +
     x             gkm(i)  * mkm(i,L1) +
     x             gkc(i)  * mkc(i,L1) * gamma(i) +
     x             gkahp(i)* mkahp(i,L1)
       gca_tot(i) = gcat(i) * (mcat(i,L1)**2) * hcat(i,L1) +
     x              gcaL(i) * (mcaL(i,L1)**2)
       gca_high(i) =
     x              gcaL(i) * (mcaL(i,L1)**2)
       gar_tot(i) = gar(i) * mar(i,L1)


88     FV(I) = FV(I) - ( gna_tot(i) * (v(i,L) - vna)
     X  + gk_tot(i) * (v(i,L) - vK)
     X  + gca_tot(i) * (v(i,L) - vCa)
     X  + gar_tot(i) * (v(i,L) - var) ) * cinv(i)

         do i = 1, numcomp
         do j = 1, numcomp
          if (i.ne.j) then
            dfv_dv(i,j) = jacob(i,j)
          else
            dfv_dv(i,j) = jacob(i,i) - cinv(i) *
     X  (gna_tot(i) + gk_tot(i) + gca_tot(i) + gar_tot(i)
     X    + ggaba_a(i,L) + ggaba_b(i,L) + gampa(i,L)
     X   + open(i) * gnmda(I,L) )
          endif
         end do
         end do

          do i = 1, numcomp
        dfv_dchi(i)  = - cinv(i) * gkc(i) * mkc(i,L1) *
     x                     gamma_prime(i) * (v(i,L)-vK)
        dfv_dmnaf(i) = -3.d0 * cinv(i) * (mnaf(i,L1)**2) *
     X    (gnaf(i) * hnaf(i,L1) + gnap(i)) * (v(i,L) - vna)
        dfv_dhnaf(i) = - cinv(i) * gnaf(i) * (mnaf(i,L1)**3) *
     X                    (v(i,L) - vna)
        dfv_dmkdr(i) = -4.d0 * cinv(i) * gkdr(i) * (mkdr(i,L1)**3)
     X                   * (v(i,L) - vK)
        dfv_dmka(i)  = -4.d0 * cinv(i) * gka(i) * (mka(i,L1)**3) *
     X                   hka(i,L1) * (v(i,L) - vK)
        dfv_dhka(i)  = - cinv(i) * gka(i) * (mka(i,L1)**4) *
     X                    (v(i,L) - vK)
        dfv_dmk2(i)  = - cinv(i) * gk2(i) * hk2(i,L1) * (v(i,L)-vK)
        dfv_dhk2(i)  = - cinv(i) * gk2(i) * mk2(i,L1) * (v(i,L)-vK)
        dfv_dmkm(i)  = - cinv(i) * gkm(i) * (v(i,L) - vK)
        dfv_dmkc(i)  = - cinv(i) * gkc(i) * gamma(i) * (v(i,L)-vK)
        dfv_dmkahp(i)= - cinv(i) * gkahp(i) * (v(i,L) - vK)
        dfv_dmcat(i)  = -2.d0 * cinv(i) * gcat(i) * mcat(i,L1) *
     X                    hcat(i,L1) * (v(i,L) - vCa)
        dfv_dhcat(i) = - cinv(i) * gcat(i) * (mcat(i,L1)**2) *
     X                  (v(i,L) - vCa)
        dfv_dmcal(i) = -2.d0 * cinv(i) * gcal(i) * mcal(i,L1) *
     X                      (v(i,L) - vCa)
        dfv_dmar(i) = - cinv(i) * gar(i) * (v(i,L) - var)
          end do

         do i = 1, numcomp
          fchi(i) = - cafor(i) * gca_high(i) * (v(i,L) - vca)
     x       - betchi(i) * chi(i,L1)
          dfchi_dv(i) = - cafor(i) * gca_high(i)
          dfchi_dchi(i) = - betchi(i)
         end do

       do i = 1, numcomp
        alpham_ahp(i) = dmin1(0.2d-4 * chi(i,L1),0.01d0)
        if (chi(i,L1).le.500.d0) then
          alpham_ahp_prime(i) = 0.2d-4
        else
          alpham_ahp_prime(i) = 0.d0
        endif
       end do

       do i = 1, numcomp
        fmkahp(i) = alpham_ahp(i) * (1.d0 - mkahp(i,L1))
     x                  -.001d0 * mkahp(i,L1)
        dfmkahp_dmkahp(i) = - alpham_ahp(i) - .001d0
        dfmkahp_dchi(i) = alpham_ahp_prime(i) *
     x                     (1.d0 - mkahp(i,L1))
       end do

          do i = 1, numcomp

       K1 = IDNINT ( 4.d0 * (V(I,L) + 120.d0) )
       IF (K1.GT.640) K1 = 640
       IF (K1.LT.  0) K1 =   0

        fmnaf(i) = alpham_naf(k1) * (1.d0 - mnaf(i,L1)) -
     X              betam_naf(k1) * mnaf(i,L1)
        fhnaf(i) = alphah_naf(k1) * (1.d0 - hnaf(i,L1)) -
     X              betah_naf(k1) * hnaf(i,L1)
        fmkdr(i) = alpham_kdr(k1) * (1.d0 - mkdr(i,L1)) -
     X              betam_kdr(k1) * mkdr(i,L1)
        fmka(i)  = alpham_ka (k1) * (1.d0 - mka(i,L1)) -
     X              betam_ka (k1) * mka(i,L1)
        fhka(i)  = alphah_ka (k1) * (1.d0 - hka(i,L1)) -
     X              betah_ka (k1) * hka(i,L1)
        fmk2(i)  = alpham_k2 (k1) * (1.d0 - mk2(i,L1)) -
     X              betam_k2 (k1) * mk2(i,L1)
        fhk2(i)  = alphah_k2 (k1) * (1.d0 - hk2(i,L1)) -
     X              betah_k2 (k1) * hk2(i,L1)
        fmkm(i)  = alpham_km (k1) * (1.d0 - mkm(i,L1)) -
     X              betam_km (k1) * mkm(i,L1)
        fmkc(i)  = alpham_kc (k1) * (1.d0 - mkc(i,L1)) -
     X              betam_kc (k1) * mkc(i,L1)
        fmcat(i) = alpham_cat(k1) * (1.d0 - mcat(i,L1)) -
     X              betam_cat(k1) * mcat(i,L1)
        fhcat(i) = alphah_cat(k1) * (1.d0 - hcat(i,L1)) -
     X              betah_cat(k1) * hcat(i,L1)
        fmcaL(i) = alpham_caL(k1) * (1.d0 - mcaL(i,L1)) -
     X              betam_caL(k1) * mcaL(i,L1)
        fmar(i)  = alpham_ar (k1) * (1.d0 - mar(i,L1)) -
     X              betam_ar (k1) * mar(i,L1)

       dfmnaf_dv(i) = dalpham_naf(k1) * (1.d0 - mnaf(i,L1)) -
     X                  dbetam_naf(k1) * mnaf(i,L1)
       dfhnaf_dv(i) = dalphah_naf(k1) * (1.d0 - hnaf(i,L1)) -
     X                  dbetah_naf(k1) * hnaf(i,L1)
       dfmkdr_dv(i) = dalpham_kdr(k1) * (1.d0 - mkdr(i,L1)) -
     X                  dbetam_kdr(k1) * mkdr(i,L1)
       dfmka_dv(i)  = dalpham_ka(k1) * (1.d0 - mka(i,L1)) -
     X                  dbetam_ka(k1) * mka(i,L1)
       dfhka_dv(i)  = dalphah_ka(k1) * (1.d0 - hka(i,L1)) -
     X                  dbetah_ka(k1) * hka(i,L1)
       dfmk2_dv(i)  = dalpham_k2(k1) * (1.d0 - mk2(i,L1)) -
     X                  dbetam_k2(k1) * mk2(i,L1)
       dfhk2_dv(i)  = dalphah_k2(k1) * (1.d0 - hk2(i,L1)) -
     X                  dbetah_k2(k1) * hk2(i,L1)
       dfmkm_dv(i)  = dalpham_km(k1) * (1.d0 - mkm(i,L1)) -
     X                  dbetam_km(k1) * mkm(i,L1)
       dfmkc_dv(i)  = dalpham_kc(k1) * (1.d0 - mkc(i,L1)) -
     X                  dbetam_kc(k1) * mkc(i,L1)
       dfmcat_dv(i) = dalpham_cat(k1) * (1.d0 - mcat(i,L1)) -
     X                  dbetam_cat(k1) * mcat(i,L1)
       dfhcat_dv(i) = dalphah_cat(k1) * (1.d0 - hcat(i,L1)) -
     X                  dbetah_cat(k1) * hcat(i,L1)
       dfmcaL_dv(i) = dalpham_caL(k1) * (1.d0 - mcaL(i,L1)) -
     X                  dbetam_caL(k1) * mcaL(i,L1)
       dfmar_dv(i)  = dalpham_ar(k1) * (1.d0 - mar(i,L1)) -
     X                  dbetam_ar(k1) * mar(i,L1)

       dfmnaf_dmnaf(i) =  - alpham_naf(k1) - betam_naf(k1)
       dfhnaf_dhnaf(i) =  - alphah_naf(k1) - betah_naf(k1)
       dfmkdr_dmkdr(i) =  - alpham_kdr(k1) - betam_kdr(k1)
       dfmka_dmka(i)  =   - alpham_ka (k1) - betam_ka (k1)
       dfhka_dhka(i)  =   - alphah_ka (k1) - betah_ka (k1)
       dfmk2_dmk2(i)  =   - alpham_k2 (k1) - betam_k2 (k1)
       dfhk2_dhk2(i)  =   - alphah_k2 (k1) - betah_k2 (k1)
       dfmkm_dmkm(i)  =   - alpham_km (k1) - betam_km (k1)
       dfmkc_dmkc(i)  =   - alpham_kc (k1) - betam_kc (k1)
       dfmcat_dmcat(i) =  - alpham_cat(k1) - betam_cat(k1)
       dfhcat_dhcat(i) =  - alphah_cat(k1) - betah_cat(k1)
       dfmcaL_dmcaL(i) =  - alpham_caL(k1) - betam_caL(k1)
       dfmar_dmar(i)  =   - alpham_ar (k1) - betam_ar (k1)

          end do

       dt2 = 0.5d0 * dt * dt

        do i = 1, numcomp
          v(i,L) = v(i,L) + dt * fv(i)
           do j = 1, numcomp
        v(i,L) = v(i,L) + dt2 * dfv_dv(i,j) * fv(j)
           end do
        v(i,L) = v(i,L) + dt2 * ( dfv_dchi(i) * fchi(i)
     X          + dfv_dmnaf(i) * fmnaf(i)
     X          + dfv_dhnaf(i) * fhnaf(i)
     X          + dfv_dmkdr(i) * fmkdr(i)
     X          + dfv_dmka(i)  * fmka(i)
     X          + dfv_dhka(i)  * fhka(i)
     X          + dfv_dmk2(i)  * fmk2(i)
     X          + dfv_dhk2(i)  * fhk2(i)
     X          + dfv_dmkm(i)  * fmkm(i)
     X          + dfv_dmkc(i)  * fmkc(i)
     X          + dfv_dmkahp(i)* fmkahp(i)
     X          + dfv_dmcat(i)  * fmcat(i)
     X          + dfv_dhcat(i) * fhcat(i)
     X          + dfv_dmcaL(i) * fmcaL(i)
     X          + dfv_dmar(i)  * fmar(i) )

        chi(i,L1) = chi(i,L1) + dt * fchi(i) + dt2 *
     X   (dfchi_dchi(i) * fchi(i) + dfchi_dv(i) * fv(i))
        mnaf(i,L1) = mnaf(i,L1) + dt * fmnaf(i) + dt2 *
     X   (dfmnaf_dmnaf(i) * fmnaf(i) + dfmnaf_dv(i)*fv(i))
        hnaf(i,L1) = hnaf(i,L1) + dt * fhnaf(i) + dt2 *
     X   (dfhnaf_dhnaf(i) * fhnaf(i) + dfhnaf_dv(i)*fv(i))
        mkdr(i,L1) = mkdr(i,L1) + dt * fmkdr(i) + dt2 *
     X   (dfmkdr_dmkdr(i) * fmkdr(i) + dfmkdr_dv(i)*fv(i))
        mka(i,L1) =  mka(i,L1) + dt * fmka(i) + dt2 *
     X   (dfmka_dmka(i) * fmka(i) + dfmka_dv(i) * fv(i))
        hka(i,L1) =  hka(i,L1) + dt * fhka(i) + dt2 *
     X   (dfhka_dhka(i) * fhka(i) + dfhka_dv(i) * fv(i))
        mk2(i,L1) =  mk2(i,L1) + dt * fmk2(i) + dt2 *
     X   (dfmk2_dmk2(i) * fmk2(i) + dfmk2_dv(i) * fv(i))
        hk2(i,L1) =  hk2(i,L1) + dt * fhk2(i) + dt2 *
     X   (dfhk2_dhk2(i) * fhk2(i) + dfhk2_dv(i) * fv(i))
        mkm(i,L1) =  mkm(i,L1) + dt * fmkm(i) + dt2 *
     X   (dfmkm_dmkm(i) * fmkm(i) + dfmkm_dv(i) * fv(i))
        mkc(i,L1) =  mkc(i,L1) + dt * fmkc(i) + dt2 *
     X   (dfmkc_dmkc(i) * fmkc(i) + dfmkc_dv(i) * fv(i))
        mkahp(i,L1) = mkahp(i,L1) + dt * fmkahp(i) + dt2 *
     X (dfmkahp_dmkahp(i)*fmkahp(i) + dfmkahp_dchi(i)*fchi(i))
        mcat(i,L1) =  mcat(i,L1) + dt * fmcat(i) + dt2 *
     X   (dfmcat_dmcat(i) * fmcat(i) + dfmcat_dv(i) * fv(i))
        hcat(i,L1) =  hcat(i,L1) + dt * fhcat(i) + dt2 *
     X   (dfhcat_dhcat(i) * fhcat(i) + dfhcat_dv(i) * fv(i))
        mcaL(i,L1) =  mcaL(i,L1) + dt * fmcaL(i) + dt2 *
     X   (dfmcaL_dmcaL(i) * fmcaL(i) + dfmcaL_dv(i) * fv(i))
        mar(i,L1) =   mar(i,L1) + dt * fmar(i) + dt2 *
     X   (dfmar_dmar(i) * fmar(i) + dfmar_dv(i) * fv(i))
         end do

4000           CONTINUE
4001           CONTINUE
c all type I nrt cells integrated


c      IF ((MOD(O,75).EQ.0).and.(thisno.eq.0)) THEN
c          OUTRCD(1) = TIME
c          OUTRCD(2) = v(1,1)
c          outrcd(3) = v(1,2)
c          outrcd(4) = v(1,3)
c        OPEN(12,FILE='DIENNR.OU')
c        WRITE (12,FMT='( 4F10.3)') (OUTRCD(I),I=1, 4)
c      ENDIF


              END

C  SETS UP TABLES FOR RATE FUNCTIONS
       SUBROUTINE NRT_SETUP_I
     X   (alpham_naf, betam_naf, dalpham_naf, dbetam_naf,
     X    alphah_naf, betah_naf, dalphah_naf, dbetah_naf,
     X    alpham_kdr, betam_kdr, dalpham_kdr, dbetam_kdr,
     X    alpham_ka , betam_ka , dalpham_ka , dbetam_ka ,
     X    alphah_ka , betah_ka , dalphah_ka , dbetah_ka ,
     X    alpham_k2 , betam_k2 , dalpham_k2 , dbetam_k2 ,
     X    alphah_k2 , betah_k2 , dalphah_k2 , dbetah_k2 ,
     X    alpham_km , betam_km , dalpham_km , dbetam_km ,
     X    alpham_kc , betam_kc , dalpham_kc , dbetam_kc ,
     X    alpham_cat, betam_cat, dalpham_cat, dbetam_cat,
     X    alphah_cat, betah_cat, dalphah_cat, dbetah_cat,
     X    alpham_caL, betam_caL, dalpham_caL, dbetam_caL,
     X    alpham_ar , betam_ar , dalpham_ar , dbetam_ar)
      INTEGER I,J,K
      real*8 minf, hinf, taum, tauh, V, Z, shift_hnaf,
     X  shift_mkdr,
     X alpham_naf(0:640),betam_naf(0:640),dalpham_naf(0:640),
     X   dbetam_naf(0:640),
     X alphah_naf(0:640),betah_naf(0:640),dalphah_naf(0:640),
     X   dbetah_naf(0:640),
     X alpham_kdr(0:640),betam_kdr(0:640),dalpham_kdr(0:640),
     X   dbetam_kdr(0:640),
     X alpham_ka(0:640), betam_ka(0:640),dalpham_ka(0:640) ,
     X   dbetam_ka(0:640),
     X alphah_ka(0:640), betah_ka(0:640), dalphah_ka(0:640),
     X   dbetah_ka(0:640),
     X alpham_k2(0:640), betam_k2(0:640), dalpham_k2(0:640),
     X   dbetam_k2(0:640),
     X alphah_k2(0:640), betah_k2(0:640), dalphah_k2(0:640),
     X   dbetah_k2(0:640),
     X alpham_km(0:640), betam_km(0:640), dalpham_km(0:640),
     X   dbetam_km(0:640),
     X alpham_kc(0:640), betam_kc(0:640), dalpham_kc(0:640),
     X   dbetam_kc(0:640),
     X alpham_cat(0:640),betam_cat(0:640),dalpham_cat(0:640),
     X   dbetam_cat(0:640),
     X alphah_cat(0:640),betah_cat(0:640),dalphah_cat(0:640),
     X   dbetah_cat(0:640),
     X alpham_caL(0:640),betam_caL(0:640),dalpham_caL(0:640),
     X   dbetam_caL(0:640),
     X alpham_ar(0:640), betam_ar(0:640), dalpham_ar(0:640),
     X   dbetam_ar(0:640)
C FOR VOLTAGE, RANGE IS -120 TO +40 MV (absol.), 0.25 MV RESOLUTION


       DO 1, I = 0, 640
          V = dble(I)
          V = (V / 4.d0) - 120.d0

c gNa
           minf = 1.d0/(1.d0 + dexp((-V-38.d0)/10.d0))
           if (v.le.-30.d0) then
            taum = .0125d0 + .1525d0*dexp((v+30.d0)/10.d0)
           else
            taum = .02d0 + .145d0*dexp((-v-30.d0)/10.d0)
           endif
c from interneuron data, Martina & Jonas 1997, tau x 0.5
           alpham_naf(i) = minf / taum
           betam_naf(i) = 1.d0/taum - alpham_naf(i)

            shift_hnaf =  0.d0
        hinf = 1.d0/(1.d0 +
     x     dexp((v + shift_hnaf + 58.3d0)/6.7d0))
        tauh = 0.225d0 + 1.125d0/(1.d0+dexp((v+37.d0)/15.d0))
c from interneuron data, Martina & Jonas 1997, tau x 0.5
            alphah_naf(i) = hinf / tauh
            betah_naf(i) = 1.d0/tauh - alphah_naf(i)

          shift_mkdr = 0.d0
c delayed rectifier, non-inactivating
       minf = 1.d0/(1.d0+dexp((-v-shift_mkdr-27.d0)/11.5d0))
            if (v.le.-10.d0) then
             taum = .25d0 + 4.35d0*dexp((v+10.d0)/10.d0)
            else
             taum = .25d0 + 4.35d0*dexp((-v-10.d0)/10.d0)
            endif
              alpham_kdr(i) = minf / taum
              betam_kdr(i) = 1.d0 /taum - alpham_kdr(i)
c from Martina, Schultz et al., 1998

c A current: Huguenard & McCormick 1992, J Neurophysiol (TCR)
            minf = 1.d0/(1.d0 + dexp((-v-60.d0)/8.5d0))
            hinf = 1.d0/(1.d0 + dexp((v+78.d0)/6.d0))
        taum = .185d0 + .5d0/(dexp((v+35.8d0)/19.7d0) +
     x                            dexp((-v-79.7d0)/12.7d0))
        if (v.le.-63.d0) then
         tauh = .5d0/(dexp((v+46.d0)/5.d0) +
     x                  dexp((-v-238.d0)/37.5d0))
        else
         tauh = 9.5d0
        endif
           alpham_ka(i) = minf/taum
           betam_ka(i) = 1.d0 / taum - alpham_ka(i)
           alphah_ka(i) = hinf / tauh
           betah_ka(i) = 1.d0 / tauh - alphah_ka(i)

c h-current (anomalous rectifier), Huguenard & McCormick, 1992
           minf = 1.d0/(1.d0 + dexp((v+75.d0)/5.5d0))
           taum = 1.d0/(dexp(-14.6d0 -0.086d0*v) +
     x                   dexp(-1.87 + 0.07d0*v))
           alpham_ar(i) = minf / taum
           betam_ar(i) = 1.d0 / taum - alpham_ar(i)

c K2 K-current, McCormick & Huguenard
             minf = 1.d0/(1.d0 + dexp((-v-10.d0)/17.d0))
             hinf = 1.d0/(1.d0 + dexp((v+58.d0)/10.6d0))
            taum = 4.95d0 + 0.5d0/(dexp((v-81.d0)/25.6d0) +
     x                  dexp((-v-132.d0)/18.d0))
            tauh = 60.d0 + 0.5d0/(dexp((v-1.33d0)/200.d0) +
     x                  dexp((-v-130.d0)/7.1d0))
             alpham_k2(i) = minf / taum
             betam_k2(i) = 1.d0/taum - alpham_k2(i)
             alphah_k2(i) = hinf / tauh
             betah_k2(i) = 1.d0 / tauh - alphah_k2(i)

c voltage part of C-current, using 1994 kinetics, shift 60 mV
              if (v.le.-10.d0) then
       alpham_kc(i) = (2.d0/37.95d0)*dexp((v+50.d0)/11.d0 -
     x                                     (v+53.5)/27.d0)
       betam_kc(i) = 2.d0*dexp((-v-53.5d0)/27.d0)-alpham_kc(i)
               else
       alpham_kc(i) = 2.d0*dexp((-v-53.5d0)/27.d0)
       betam_kc(i) = 0.d0
               endif

c high-threshold gCa, from 1994, with 60 mV shift & no inactivn.
            alpham_cal(i) = 1.6d0/(1.d0+dexp(-.072d0*(v-5.d0)))
            betam_cal(i) = 0.1d0 * ((v+8.9d0)/5.d0) /
     x          (dexp((v+8.9d0)/5.d0) - 1.d0)

c M-current, from plast.f, with 60 mV shift
        alpham_km(i) = .02d0/(1.d0+dexp((-v-20.d0)/5.d0))
        betam_km(i) = .01d0 * dexp((-v-43.d0)/18.d0)

c T-current, from Destexhe et al., 1996, pg. 170
         minf = 1.d0/(1.d0 + dexp((-v-52.d0)/7.4d0))
         hinf = 1.d0/(1.d0 + dexp((v+80.d0)/5.d0))
         taum = 1.d0 + .33d0/(dexp((v+27.d0)/10.d0) +
     x                  dexp((-v-102.d0)/15.d0))
         tauh = 28.3d0 +.33d0/(dexp((v+48.d0)/4.d0) +
     x                     dexp((-v-407.d0)/50.d0))
              alpham_cat(i) = minf / taum
              betam_cat(i) = 1.d0/taum - alpham_cat(i)
              alphah_cat(i) = hinf / tauh
              betah_cat(i) = 1.d0 / tauh - alphah_cat(i)

1        CONTINUE

         do 2, i = 0, 639

      dalpham_naf(i) = (alpham_naf(i+1)-alpham_naf(i))/.25d0
      dbetam_naf(i) = (betam_naf(i+1)-betam_naf(i))/.25d0
      dalphah_naf(i) = (alphah_naf(i+1)-alphah_naf(i))/.25d0
      dbetah_naf(i) = (betah_naf(i+1)-betah_naf(i))/.25d0
      dalpham_kdr(i) = (alpham_kdr(i+1)-alpham_kdr(i))/.25d0
      dbetam_kdr(i) = (betam_kdr(i+1)-betam_kdr(i))/.25d0
      dalpham_ka(i) = (alpham_ka(i+1)-alpham_ka(i))/.25d0
      dbetam_ka(i) = (betam_ka(i+1)-betam_ka(i))/.25d0
      dalphah_ka(i) = (alphah_ka(i+1)-alphah_ka(i))/.25d0
      dbetah_ka(i) = (betah_ka(i+1)-betah_ka(i))/.25d0
      dalpham_k2(i) = (alpham_k2(i+1)-alpham_k2(i))/.25d0
      dbetam_k2(i) = (betam_k2(i+1)-betam_k2(i))/.25d0
      dalphah_k2(i) = (alphah_k2(i+1)-alphah_k2(i))/.25d0
      dbetah_k2(i) = (betah_k2(i+1)-betah_k2(i))/.25d0
      dalpham_km(i) = (alpham_km(i+1)-alpham_km(i))/.25d0
      dbetam_km(i) = (betam_km(i+1)-betam_km(i))/.25d0
      dalpham_kc(i) = (alpham_kc(i+1)-alpham_kc(i))/.25d0
      dbetam_kc(i) = (betam_kc(i+1)-betam_kc(i))/.25d0
      dalpham_cat(i) = (alpham_cat(i+1)-alpham_cat(i))/.25d0
      dbetam_cat(i) = (betam_cat(i+1)-betam_cat(i))/.25d0
      dalphah_cat(i) = (alphah_cat(i+1)-alphah_cat(i))/.25d0
      dbetah_cat(i) = (betah_cat(i+1)-betah_cat(i))/.25d0
      dalpham_caL(i) = (alpham_cal(i+1)-alpham_cal(i))/.25d0
      dbetam_caL(i) = (betam_cal(i+1)-betam_cal(i))/.25d0
      dalpham_ar(i) = (alpham_ar(i+1)-alpham_ar(i))/.25d0
      dbetam_ar(i) = (betam_ar(i+1)-betam_ar(i))/.25d0
2      CONTINUE
       END

        SUBROUTINE NRTMAJ_I
C BRANCHED ACTIVE DENDRITES
     X             (GL,GAM,GKDR,GKA,GKC,GKAHP,GK2,GKM,
     X              GCAT,GCAL,GNAF,GNAP,GAR,
     X    CAFOR,JACOB,C,BETCHI,NEIGH,NNUM,LEVEL)
c Conductances: leak gL, coupling g, delayed rectifier gKDR, A gKA,
c C gKC, AHP gKAHP, K2 gK2, M gKM, low thresh Ca gCAT, high thresh
c gCAL, fast Na gNAF, persistent Na gNAP, h or anom. rectif. gAR.
c Note VAR = equil. potential for anomalous rectifier.
c Soma = comp. 1; 4 dendrites each with 13 compartments, 6-comp. axon
c Drop "glc"-like terms, just using "gl"-like
c CAFOR corresponds to "phi" in Traub et al., 1994
c Consistent set of units: nF, mV, ms, nA, microS

        integer, parameter:: numcomp = 59

        REAL*8 C(numcomp),GL(numcomp),GAM(0:numcomp,0:numcomp)
        REAL*8 GNAF(numcomp),GCAT(numcomp)
        REAL*8 GKDR(numcomp),GKA(numcomp)
        REAL*8 GKC(numcomp),GKAHP(numcomp),GCAL(numcomp)
        REAL*8 GK2(numcomp),GKM(numcomp)
        REAL*8 GNAP(numcomp),GAR(numcomp),jacob(numcomp,numcomp)
        REAL*8 RI_SD,RI_AXON,RM_SD,RM_AXON,CDENS
        INTEGER LEVEL(numcomp)
        REAL*8 GNAF_DENS(0:9), GCAT_DENS(0:9), GKDR_DENS(0:9)
        REAL*8 GKA_DENS(0:9), GKC_DENS(0:9), GKAHP_DENS(0:9)
        REAL*8 GCAL_DENS(0:9), GK2_DENS(0:9), GKM_DENS(0:9)
        REAL*8 GNAP_DENS(0:9), GAR_DENS(0:9)
        REAL*8 RES, RINPUT, ELEN(numcomp)
        REAL*8 RSOMA, PI, BETCHI(numcomp),CAFOR(numcomp)
        REAL*8 RAD(numcomp), LEN(numcomp), GAM1, GAM2
        REAL*8 RIN, D(numcomp), AREA(numcomp), RI, Z
        INTEGER NEIGH(numcomp,5), NNUM(numcomp)
C FOR ESTABLISHING TOPOLOGY OF COMPARTMENTS

        RI_SD = 250.d0
        RM_SD = 20000.d0
        RI_AXON = 100.d0
        RM_AXON = 1000.d0
        CDENS = 1.d0

        PI = 3.14159d0

        gnaf_dens(0) = 400.d0
        gnaf_dens(1) =  60.d0
        gnaf_dens(2) =  60.d0
        gnaf_dens(3) =  60.d0
        do i = 4, 9
c         gnaf_dens(i) = 60.d0
          gnaf_dens(i) = 10.d0
        end do

        gkdr_dens(0) = 400.d0
        gkdr_dens(1) =  60.d0
        gkdr_dens(2) =  60.d0
        gkdr_dens(3) =  60.d0
        do i = 4, 9
         gkdr_dens(i) = 10.d0
        end do

        do i = 1, 9
          gnap_dens(i) = 0.01d0 * gnaf_dens(i)
        end do

        do i = 1, 3
          gcat_dens(i) = 0.05d0
        end do
        do i = 4, 9
          gcat_dens(i) = 2.d0
        end do

        do i = 1, 3
          gcal_dens(i) = 0.5d0
        end do
        do i = 4, 9
          gcal_dens(i) = 0.5d0
        end do

        gka_dens(0) = 1.d0
        gka_dens(1) =  5.d0
        gka_dens(2) =  5.d0
        gka_dens(3) =  5.d0
        do i = 4, 9
         gka_dens(i) = 1.0d0
        end do

        do i = 1, 9
         gkc_dens(i) = 10.00d0
        end do

        do i = 1, 9
         gkm_dens(i) = 0.50d0
        end do

        gk2_dens(0) = .5d0
        do i = 1, 9
         gk2_dens(i) = 0.50d0
        end do

        do i = 1, 9
         gkahp_dens(i) = 0.10d0
        end do

        do i = 1, 9
         gar_dens(i) = 0.025d0
        end do

c       WRITE   (6,9988)
9988    FORMAT(2X,'I',4X,'NADENS',' CADENS(T)',' KDRDEN',' KAHPDE',
     X     ' KCDENS',' KADENS')
        DO 9989, I = 0, 9
c         WRITE (6,9990) I, gnaf_dens(i), gcat_dens(i), gkdr_dens(i),
c    X  gkahp_dens(i), gkc_dens(i), gka_dens(i)
9990    FORMAT(2X,I2,2X,F6.2,1X,F6.2,1X,F6.2,1X,F6.2,1X,F6.2,1X,F6.2)
9989    CONTINUE


        level(1) = 1
        do i = 2, 41, 13
         level(i) = 2
        end do
        do i = 3, 42, 13
           level(i) = 3
           level(i+1) = 3
        end do
        do i = 5, 44, 13
           level(i) = 4
           level(i+1) = 4
           level(i+2) = 4
        end do
        do i = 8, 47, 13
           level(i) = 5
           level(i+1) = 5
           level(i+2) = 5
        end do
        do i = 11, 50, 13
           level(i) = 6
           level(i+1) = 7
           level(i+2) = 8
           level(i+3) = 9
        end do

        do i = 54, 59
         level(i) = 0
        end do

c connectivity of axon
        nnum(54) = 2
        nnum(55) = 3
        nnum(56) = 3
        nnum(58) = 3
        nnum(57) = 1
        nnum(59) = 1
         neigh(54,1) =  1
         neigh(54,2) = 55
         neigh(55,1) = 54
         neigh(55,2) = 56
         neigh(55,3) = 58
         neigh(56,1) = 55
         neigh(56,2) = 57
         neigh(56,3) = 58
         neigh(58,1) = 55
         neigh(58,2) = 56
         neigh(58,3) = 59
         neigh(57,1) = 56
         neigh(59,1) = 58

c connectivity of SD part
          nnum(1) = 5
          neigh(1,1) = 54
          neigh(1,2) =  2
          neigh(1,3) = 15
          neigh(1,4) = 28
          neigh(1,5) = 41

          do i = 2, 41, 13
           nnum(i) = 3
           neigh(i,1) = 1
           neigh(i,2) = i + 1
           neigh(i,3) = i + 2
          end do

          do i = 3, 42, 13
           nnum(i) = 4
           neigh(i,1) = i - 1
           neigh(i,2) = i + 1
           neigh(i,3) = i + 2
           neigh(i,4) = i + 3
          end do

          do i = 4, 43, 13
           nnum(i) = 3
           neigh(i,1) = i - 2
           neigh(i,2) = i - 1
           neigh(i,3) = i + 3
          end do

          do i = 5, 44, 13
           nnum(i) = 3
           neigh(i,1) = i - 2
           neigh(i,2) = i + 1
           neigh(i,3) = i + 3
          end do

          do i = 6, 45, 13
           nnum(i) = 3
            neigh(i,1) = i - 3
            neigh(i,2) = i - 1
            neigh(i,3) = i + 3
          end do

          do i = 7, 46, 13
           nnum(i) = 2
           neigh(i,1) = i - 3
           neigh(i,2) = i + 3
          end do

          do i = 8, 47, 13
           nnum(i) = 2
           neigh(i,1) = i - 3
           neigh(i,2) = i + 3
          end do

          do i = 9, 48, 13
           nnum(i) = 1
           neigh(i,1) = i - 3
          end do

          do i = 10, 49, 13
           nnum(i) = 1
           neigh(i,1) = i - 3
          end do

          do i = 11, 50, 13
           nnum(i) = 2
           neigh(i,1) = i - 3
           neigh(i,2) = i + 1
          end do

          do i = 12, 51, 13
           nnum(i) = 2
           neigh(i,1) = i - 1
           neigh(i,2) = i + 1
          end do

          do i = 13, 52, 13
           nnum(i) = 2
           neigh(i,1) = i - 1
           neigh(i,2) = i + 1
          end do

          do i = 14, 53, 13
           nnum(i) = 1
           neigh(i,1) = i - 1
          end do

         DO 332, I = 1, 59
c          WRITE(6,3330) I, NEIGH(I,1),NEIGH(I,2),NEIGH(I,3),NEIGH(I,4),
c    X NEIGH(I,5)
3330     FORMAT(2X,I5,I5,I5,I5,I5,I5)
332      CONTINUE
          DO 858, I = 1, numcomp
           DO 858, J = 1, NNUM(I)
            K = NEIGH(I,J)
            IT = 0
            DO 859, L = 1, NNUM(K)
             IF (NEIGH(K,L).EQ.I) IT = 1
859         CONTINUE
             IF (IT.EQ.0) THEN
c             WRITE(6,8591) I, K
8591          FORMAT(' ASYMMETRY IN NEIGH MATRIX ',I4,I4)
             ENDIF
858       CONTINUE

c length and radius of axonal compartments
          do i = 54, 59
            len(i) = 50.d0
          end do
          rad(54) = 0.80d0
          rad(55) = 0.7d0
          do i = 56, 59
           rad(i) = 0.5d0
          end do

c  length and radius of SD compartments
          len(1) = 30.d0
          rad(1) = 9.34d0

          do i = 2, 53
           len(i) = 75.d0
          end do

          rad(2) =   1.06d0
          rad(3) =   rad(2) / 1.59d0
          rad(4) =   rad(2) / 1.59d0
          rad(5) =   rad(2) / 2.53d0
          rad(6) =   rad(2) / 2.53d0
          rad(7) =   rad(2) / 1.59d0
          rad(8) =   rad(2) / 2.53d0
          rad(9) =   rad(2) / 2.53d0
          rad(10) =  rad(2) / 1.59d0
          rad(11) =  rad(2) / 2.53d0
          rad(12) =  rad(2) / 2.53d0
          rad(13) =  rad(2) / 2.53d0
          rad(14) =  rad(2) / 2.53d0

          do i = 15, 53
           rad(i) = rad(i-13)
          end do

c       WRITE(6,919)
919     FORMAT('COMPART.',' LEVEL ',' RADIUS ',' LENGTH(MU)')
c       DO 920, I = 1, 59
c920      WRITE(6,921) I, LEVEL(I), RAD(I), LEN(I)
921     FORMAT(I3,5X,I2,3X,F6.2,1X,F6.1,2X,F4.3)

        DO 120, I = 1, numcomp
          AREA(I) = 2.d0 * PI * RAD(I) * LEN(I)
C NO CORRECTION FOR CONTRIBUTION OF SPINES TO AREA
          K = LEVEL(I)
          C(I) = CDENS * AREA(I) * (1.D-8)

           if (k.ge.1) then
          GL(I) = (1.D-2) * AREA(I) / RM_SD
           else
          GL(I) = (1.D-2) * AREA(I) / RM_AXON
           endif

          GNAF(I) = GNAF_DENS(K) * AREA(I) * (1.D-5)
          GNAP(I) = GNAP_DENS(K) * AREA(I) * (1.D-5)
          GCAT(I) = GCAT_DENS(K) * AREA(I) * (1.D-5)
          GKDR(I) = GKDR_DENS(K) * AREA(I) * (1.D-5)
          GKA(I) = GKA_DENS(K) * AREA(I) * (1.D-5)
          GKC(I) = GKC_DENS(K) * AREA(I) * (1.D-5)
          GKAHP(I) = GKAHP_DENS(K) * AREA(I) * (1.D-5)
          GCAL(I) = GCAL_DENS(K) * AREA(I) * (1.D-5)
          GK2(I) = GK2_DENS(K) * AREA(I) * (1.D-5)
          GKM(I) = GKM_DENS(K) * AREA(I) * (1.D-5)
          GAR(I) = GAR_DENS(K) * AREA(I) * (1.D-5)
c above conductances should be in microS
120           continue

         Z = 0.d0
         DO 1019, I = 2, 53
           Z = Z + AREA(I)
1019     CONTINUE
c        WRITE(6,1020) Z
1020     FORMAT(2X,' TOTAL DENDRITIC AREA ',F7.0)

        DO 140, I = 1, numcomp
        DO 140, K = 1, NNUM(I)
         J = NEIGH(I,K)
           if (level(i).eq.0) then
               RI = RI_AXON
           else
               RI = RI_SD
           endif
         GAM1 =100.d0 * PI * RAD(I) * RAD(I) / ( RI * LEN(I) )

           if (level(j).eq.0) then
               RI = RI_AXON
           else
               RI = RI_SD
           endif
         GAM2 =100.d0 * PI * RAD(J) * RAD(J) / ( RI * LEN(J) )

         GAM(I,J) = 2.d0/( (1.d0/GAM1) + (1.d0/GAM2) )
140     CONTINUE
c gam computed in microS

        DO 299, I = 1, numcomp
299       BETCHI(I) = .05d0
        BETCHI( 1) =  .02d0

        DO 300, I = 1, numcomp
300     D(I) = 2.D-4
        DO 301, I = 1, numcomp
         IF (LEVEL(I).EQ.1) D(I) = 5.D-3
301     CONTINUE
C  NOTE NOTE NOTE  (DIFFERENT FROM SWONG)


       DO 160, I = 1, numcomp
160     CAFOR(I) = 5200.d0 / (AREA(I) * D(I))
C     NOTE CORRECTION

        do 200, i = 1, numcomp
200     C(I) = 1000.d0 * C(I)
C     TO GO FROM MICROF TO NF.

      DO 909, I = 1, numcomp
       JACOB(I,I) = - GL(I)
      DO 909, J = 1, NNUM(I)
         K = NEIGH(I,J)
         IF (I.EQ.K) THEN
c            WRITE(6,510) I
510          FORMAT(' UNEXPECTED SYMMETRY IN NEIGH ',I4)
         ENDIF
         JACOB(I,K) = GAM(I,K)
         JACOB(I,I) = JACOB(I,I) - GAM(I,K)
909   CONTINUE

c 15 Jan. 2001: make correction for c(i)
          do i = 1, numcomp
          do j = 1, numcomp
             jacob(i,j) = jacob(i,j) / c(i)
          end do
          end do

       DO 500, I = 1, numcomp
c       WRITE (6,501) I,C(I)
501     FORMAT(1X,I2,' C(I) = ',F7.4)
500     CONTINUE
        END