A model of working memory for encoding multiple items (Ursino et al, in press)

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Accession:267297
We present an original neural network model, based on oscillating neural masses, to investigate mechanisms at the basis of working memory in different conditions. Simulations show that the trained network is able to desynchronize up to nine items without a fixed order using the gamma rhythm. Moreover, the network can replicate a sequence of items using a gamma rhythm nested inside a theta rhythm. The reduction in some parameters, mainly concerning the strength of GABAergic synapses, induce memory alterations which mimic neurological deficits. Finally, the network, isolated from the external environment simulates an“imagination phase”.
Reference:
1 . Ursino M, Cesaretti N, Pirazzini G (in press) A model of working memory for encoding multiple items and ordered sequences exploiting the theta-gamma code Cognitive Neurodynamics
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Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Neural mass; Synapse; Realistic Network;
Brain Region(s)/Organism:
Cell Type(s):
Channel(s):
Gap Junctions: Gap junctions;
Receptor(s):
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: MATLAB;
Model Concept(s): Gamma oscillations;
Implementer(s): Ursino, Mauro [mauro.ursino at unibo.it]; 
clear
clc
close all
N=20;
M=20; 
numero_colonne=N*M;
fonte = 16;


%%
disp("choose the pattern with variable dimensions (number 2)")
N=20;
M=20; 
numero_colonne=N*M;

P=zeros(M*N,1);
all_patterns=zeros(N*M,9);
    figure
    %P1
    P1=P(:);
    pos1=[61:69 81:89 101:109];
    P1(pos1)=1;
    all_patterns(:,1)=P1;
    subplot(331)
    imm=vecToIm(P1,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 1'), axis image
    somma_pattern=imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    %P2
    P2=P(:);
    pos2=[3:16 23:36 43:56];
    P2(pos2)=1;
    all_patterns(:,2)=P2;
    subplot(332)
    imm=vecToIm(P2,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 2'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    %P3
    P3=P(:);
    pos3=[18:20 38:40 58:60 76:80 96:100 116:120 138:140 158:160];
    P3(pos3)=1;
    all_patterns(:,3)=P3;
    subplot(333)
    imm=vecToIm(P3,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 3'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    %P4
    P4=P(:);
    pos4=[92:94 112:114 129:137 149:157 169:177 192:194 212:214 232:234];
    P4(pos4)=1;
    all_patterns(:,4)=P4;
    subplot(334)
    imm=vecToIm(P4,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 4'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    %P5
    P5=P(:);
    pos5=[122:125 142:145 162:165 182:184 202:204 222:224];
    P5(pos5)=1;
    all_patterns(:,5)=P5;
    subplot(335)
    imm=vecToIm(P5,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 5'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    %P6
    P6=P(:);
    pos6=[205:210 225:230 245:250 265:270 285:290 305:310];
    P6(pos6)=1;
    all_patterns(:,6)=P6;
    subplot(336)
    imm=vecToIm(P6,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 6'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    %P7
    P7=P(:);
    pos7=[241:243 261:263 281:283 301:303 321:327 341:347 361:367];
    P7(pos7)=1;
    all_patterns(:,7)=P7;
    subplot(337)
    imm=vecToIm(P7,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 7'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    %P8
    P8=P(:);
    pos8=[195:198 215:218 235:238 255:260 275:280 295:300 318:320 338:340 358:360];
    P8(pos8)=1;
    all_patterns(:,8)=P8;
    subplot(338)
    imm=vecToIm(P8,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 8'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    %P9
    P9=P(:);
    pos9=[312:314 329:335 349:355 369:375];
    P9(pos9)=1;
    all_patterns(:,9)=P9;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    subplot(339)
    imm=vecToIm(P9,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 9'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    
    % Decommentare la riga seguente per visualizzare tutti i pattern insieme e
    % verificare l'eventuale presenza di sovrapposizioni:
    %figure, imagesc(somma_pattern)
    clear P
%nella variabile "all_patterns" sono contenuti i pattern per colonna.

%%
disp("choose the pattern with equal dimensions and superimposition  (number 2)")
N=20;
M=20; 
numero_colonne=N*M;

P=zeros(M*N,1);
    all_patterns=zeros(N*M,10);
    figure
    %P1
    P1=P(:);
    pos1=[195:197 215:217 235:237 255:260 275:280 295:300 318:320 338:340 358:360];
    P1(pos1)=1;
    all_patterns(:,1)=P1;
    subplot(351)
    imm=vecToIm(P1,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 1'), axis image
    somma_pattern=imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    %P2
    P2=P(:);
    pos2=[18:20 38:40 58:60 75:80 95:100 115:120 138:140 158:160 178:180];
    P2(pos2)=1;
    all_patterns(:,2)=P2;
    subplot(352)
    imm=vecToIm(P2,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 2'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    %P3
    P3=P(:);
    pos3=[121:130 141:150 161:170 181:183 201:203];
    P3(pos3)=1;
    all_patterns(:,3)=P3;
    subplot(353)
    imm=vecToIm(P3,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 3'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    %P4
    P4=P(:);
    pos4=[241:243 261:263 281:283 301:303 321:328 341:348 361:368];
    P4(pos4)=1;
    all_patterns(:,4)=P4;
    subplot(354)
    imm=vecToIm(P4,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 4'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    %P5
    P5=P(:);
    pos5=[272:274 292:294 312:314 329:337 349:357 369:377];
    P5(pos5)=1;
    all_patterns(:,5)=P5;
    subplot(355)
    imm=vecToIm(P5,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 5'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    
    
    %P1', P4*
    P6=P(:);
    pos6=[222:228 243:248 263:269 283:289 303:308 323:325];
    P6(pos6)=1;
    all_patterns(:,6)=P6;
    subplot(356)
    imm=vecToIm(P6,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 6 (4*)'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    %P7
    P7=P(:);
    pos7=[5:16 25:36 45:56];
    P7(pos7)=1;
    all_patterns(:,7)=P7;
    subplot(357)
    imm=vecToIm(P7,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 7'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    %P8
    P8=P(:);
    pos8=[185:194 205:214 229:234 249:254 270:271 290:291];
    P8(pos8)=1;
    all_patterns(:,8)=P8;
    subplot(358)
    imm=vecToIm(P8,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 8'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    %P9
    P9=P(:);
    pos9=[1:3 21:23 41:43 61:69 81:89 101:109];
    P9(pos9)=1;
    all_patterns(:,9)=P9;
    subplot(359)
    imm=vecToIm(P9,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 9'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    %P10, P2*
    P10=P(:);
    pos10=[91:97 111:118 131:137 151:157 171:177];
    P10(pos10)=1;
    all_patterns(:,10)=P10;
    subplot(3,5,10)
    imm=vecToIm(P10,N,M);
    imagesc(~imm), hold on, colormap gray, grid on, title('pattern 10 (2*)'), axis image
    somma_pattern=somma_pattern+imm;
    xlim([0 20.5])
    ylim([0 20.5])
    
    % Decommentare la riga seguente per visualizzare tutti i pattern insieme e
    % verificare l'eventuale presenza di sovrapposizioni:
    %figure, imagesc(somma_pattern)
    clear P