Selective control of cortical axonal spikes by a slowly inactivating K+ current (Shu et al. 2007)

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Accession:135898
We discovered a low-threshold, slowly inactivating K+ current, containing Kv1.2 alpha subunits, in axon initial segment, playing a key role in the modulation of spike threshold and spike duration as well as the spike timing in prefrontal cortex layer V pyramidal cell of ferrets and rats. A kd.mod file implements this D current and put it in the axonal model: Neuron_Dcurrent.hoc. Run the model to see the gradual modulation effect over seconds on spike shape.
Reference:
1 . Shu Y, Yu Y, Yang J, McCormick DA (2007) Selective control of cortical axonal spikes by a slowly inactivating K+ current. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:11453-8 [PubMed]
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Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Neuron or other electrically excitable cell; Axon;
Brain Region(s)/Organism: Neocortex;
Cell Type(s): Neocortex L5/6 pyramidal GLU cell; Neocortex L2/3 pyramidal GLU cell;
Channel(s): I Na,t; I K; I h; I Potassium;
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s):
Gene(s): Kv1.2 KCNA2;
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: NEURON;
Model Concept(s): Action Potential Initiation; Action Potentials;
Implementer(s):
Search NeuronDB for information about:  Neocortex L5/6 pyramidal GLU cell; Neocortex L2/3 pyramidal GLU cell; I Na,t; I K; I h; I Potassium;
COMMENT

na.mod

Sodium channel, Hodgkin-Huxley style kinetics.  

Kinetics were fit to data from Huguenard et al. (1988) and Hamill et
al. (1991)

qi is not well constrained by the data, since there are no points
between -80 and -55.  So this was fixed at 5 while the thi1,thi2,Rg,Rd
were optimized using a simplex least square proc

voltage dependencies are shifted approximately from the best
fit to give higher threshold

Author: Zach Mainen, Salk Institute, 1994, zach@salk.edu

ENDCOMMENT

INDEPENDENT {t FROM 0 TO 1 WITH 1 (ms)}

NEURON {
	SUFFIX na
	USEION na READ ena WRITE ina
	RANGE m, h, gna, gbar
	GLOBAL tha, thi1, thi2, qa, qi, qinf, thinf
	RANGE minf, hinf, mtau, htau
	GLOBAL Ra, Rb, Rd, Rg
	GLOBAL q10, temp, tadj, vmin, vmax, vshift
}

PARAMETER {
	gbar = 1000   	(pS/um2)	: 0.12 mho/cm2
	vshift = -10	(mV)		: voltage shift (affects all)
								
	tha  = -35	(mV)		: v 1/2 for act		(-42)
	qa   = 9	(mV)		: act slope		
	Ra   = 0.182	(/ms)		: open (v)		
	Rb   = 0.124	(/ms)		: close (v)		

	thi1  = -50	(mV)		: v 1/2 for inact 	
	thi2  = -75	(mV)		: v 1/2 for inact 	
	qi   = 5	(mV)	        : inact tau slope
	thinf  = -65	(mV)		: inact inf slope	
	qinf  = 6.2	(mV)		: inact inf slope
	Rg   = 0.0091	(/ms)		: inact (v)	
	Rd   = 0.024	(/ms)		: inact recov (v) 

	temp = 23	(degC)		: original temp 
	q10  = 2.3			: temperature sensitivity

	v 		(mV)
	dt		(ms)
	celsius		(degC)
	vmin = -120	(mV)
	vmax = 100	(mV)
}


UNITS {
	(mA) = (milliamp)
	(mV) = (millivolt)
	(pS) = (picosiemens)
	(um) = (micron)
} 

ASSIGNED {
	ina 		(mA/cm2)
	gna		(pS/um2)
	ena		(mV)
	minf 		hinf
	mtau (ms)	htau (ms)
	tadj
}
 

STATE { m h }

INITIAL { 
	trates(v+vshift)
	m = minf
	h = hinf
}

BREAKPOINT {
        SOLVE states
        gna = tadj*gbar*m*m*m*h
	ina = (1e-4) * gna * (v - ena)
} 

LOCAL mexp, hexp 

PROCEDURE states() {   :Computes state variables m, h, and n 
        trates(v+vshift)      :             at the current v and dt.
        m = m + mexp*(minf-m)
        h = h + hexp*(hinf-h)
        VERBATIM
        return 0;
        ENDVERBATIM
}

PROCEDURE trates(v) {  
                      
        LOCAL tinc
        TABLE minf, mexp, hinf, hexp
	DEPEND dt, celsius, temp, Ra, Rb, Rd, Rg, tha, thi1, thi2, qa, qi, qinf
	
	FROM vmin TO vmax WITH 199

	rates(v): not consistently executed from here if usetable == 1

        tadj = q10^((celsius - temp)/10)
        tinc = -dt * tadj

        mexp = 1 - exp(tinc/mtau)
        hexp = 1 - exp(tinc/htau)
}


PROCEDURE rates(vm) {  
        LOCAL  a, b

	a = trap0(vm,tha,Ra,qa)
	b = trap0(-vm,-tha,Rb,qa)
	mtau = 1/(a+b)
	minf = a*mtau

		:"h" inactivation 

	a = trap0(vm,thi1,Rd,qi)
	b = trap0(-vm,-thi2,Rg,qi)
	htau = 1/(a+b)
	hinf = 1/(1+exp((vm-thinf)/qinf))
}


FUNCTION trap0(v,th,a,q) {
	if (fabs(v/th) > 1e-6) {
	        trap0 = a * (v - th) / (1 - exp(-(v - th)/q))
	} else {
	        trap0 = a * q
 	}
}