Mechanisms of magnetic stimulation of central nervous system neurons (Pashut et al. 2011)

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Accession:138321
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely applied tool for probing cognitive function in humans and is one of the best tools for clinical treatments and interfering with cognitive tasks. Surprisingly, while TMS has been commercially available for decades, the cellular mechanisms underlying magnetic stimulation remain unclear. Here we investigate these mechanisms using compartmental modeling. We generated a numerical scheme allowing simulation of the physiological response to magnetic stimulation of neurons with arbitrary morphologies and active properties. Computational experiments using this scheme suggested that TMS affects neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) primarily by somatic stimulation.
Reference:
1 . Pashut T, Wolfus S, Friedman A, Lavidor M, Bar-Gad I, Yeshurun Y, Korngreen A (2011) Mechanisms of magnetic stimulation of central nervous system neurons. PLoS Comput Biol 7:e1002022 [PubMed]
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Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Neuron or other electrically excitable cell;
Brain Region(s)/Organism:
Cell Type(s): Neocortex L5/6 pyramidal GLU cell; Squid axon;
Channel(s):
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s):
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: NEURON; MATLAB;
Model Concept(s): Action Potential Initiation; Magnetic stimulation;
Implementer(s): Korngreen, Alon [alon.korngreen at gmail.com]; Pashut, Tamar [tamar.pashut at gmail.com];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  Neocortex L5/6 pyramidal GLU cell;
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pashut2011
TwoDimensions
Neuron
cells
cad2.mod *
child.mod *
childa.mod *
epsp.mod *
it2.mod *
kaprox.mod *
kca.mod *
km.mod *
kv.mod *
na.mod *
SlowCa.mod *
xtra.mod *
alon.ses
BACModel.hoc
BACModel_mag.hoc
Display.ses *
magstim.hoc
                            
COMMENT

changed from (AS Oct0899)
ca.mod to lead to thalamic ca current inspired by destexhe and huguenrd
Uses fixed eca instead of GHK eqn


ENDCOMMENT

INDEPENDENT {t FROM 0 TO 1 WITH 1 (ms)}

NEURON {
	SUFFIX it2
	USEION ca READ eca WRITE ica
	RANGE m, h, gca, gcabar
	RANGE minf, hinf, mtau, htau, inactF, actF
	GLOBAL  vshift,vmin,vmax, v12m, v12h, vwm, vwh, am, ah, vm1, vm2, vh1, vh2, wm1, wm2, wh1, wh2
}

PARAMETER {
	gcabar = 0.0008 (mho/cm2)	: 0.12 mho/cm2
	vshift = 0	(mV)		: voltage shift (affects all)

	cao  = 2.5	(mM)	        : external ca concentration
	cai		(mM)
						 
	v 		(mV)
	dt		(ms)
	celsius		(degC)
	vmin = -120	(mV)
	vmax = 100	(mV)

	v12m=50         	(mV)
	v12h=78         	(mV)
	vwm =7.4         	(mV)
	vwh=5.0         	(mV)
	am=3         	(mV)
	ah=85         	(mV)
	vm1=25         	(mV)
	vm2=100         	(mV)
	vh1=46         	(mV)
	vh2=405         	(mV)
	wm1=20         	(mV)
	wm2=15         	(mV)
	wh1=4         	(mV)
	wh2=50         	(mV)


}


UNITS {
	(mA) = (milliamp)
	(mV) = (millivolt)
	(pS) = (picosiemens)
	(um) = (micron)
	FARADAY = (faraday) (coulomb)
	R = (k-mole) (joule/degC)
	PI	= (pi) (1)
} 

ASSIGNED {
	ica 		(mA/cm2)
	gca		(pS/um2)
	eca		(mV)
	minf 		hinf
	mtau (ms)	htau (ms)
	tadj
}
 

STATE { m h }

INITIAL { 
	trates(v+vshift)
	m = minf
	h = hinf
}

BREAKPOINT {
        SOLVE states
        gca = gcabar*m*m*h
	ica = gca * (v - eca)
} 

LOCAL mexp, hexp

PROCEDURE states() {
        trates(v+vshift)      
        m = m + mexp*(minf-m)
        h = h + hexp*(hinf-h)
	VERBATIM
	return 0;
	ENDVERBATIM
}


PROCEDURE trates(v) {  
                      
        LOCAL tinc
        TABLE minf, mexp, hinf, hexp
	DEPEND dt	
	FROM vmin TO vmax WITH 199

	rates(v): not consistently executed from here if usetable == 1

        tinc = -dt 

        mexp = 1 - exp(tinc/mtau)
        hexp = 1 - exp(tinc/htau)
}


PROCEDURE rates(v_) {  
        LOCAL  a, b

	minf = 1.0 / ( 1 + exp(-(v_+v12m)/vwm) )
	hinf = 1.0 / ( 1 + exp((v_+v12h)/vwh) )

	mtau = ( am + 1.0 / ( exp((v_+vm1)/wm1) + exp(-(v_+vm2)/wm2) ) ) 
	htau = ( ah + 1.0 / ( exp((v_+vh1)/wh1) + exp(-(v_+vh2)/wh2) ) ) 
}