Mechanisms of magnetic stimulation of central nervous system neurons (Pashut et al. 2011)

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Accession:138321
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely applied tool for probing cognitive function in humans and is one of the best tools for clinical treatments and interfering with cognitive tasks. Surprisingly, while TMS has been commercially available for decades, the cellular mechanisms underlying magnetic stimulation remain unclear. Here we investigate these mechanisms using compartmental modeling. We generated a numerical scheme allowing simulation of the physiological response to magnetic stimulation of neurons with arbitrary morphologies and active properties. Computational experiments using this scheme suggested that TMS affects neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) primarily by somatic stimulation.
Reference:
1 . Pashut T, Wolfus S, Friedman A, Lavidor M, Bar-Gad I, Yeshurun Y, Korngreen A (2011) Mechanisms of magnetic stimulation of central nervous system neurons. PLoS Comput Biol 7:e1002022 [PubMed]
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Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Neuron or other electrically excitable cell;
Brain Region(s)/Organism:
Cell Type(s): Neocortex L5/6 pyramidal GLU cell; Squid axon;
Channel(s):
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s):
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: NEURON; MATLAB;
Model Concept(s): Action Potential Initiation; Magnetic stimulation;
Implementer(s): Korngreen, Alon [alon.korngreen at gmail.com]; Pashut, Tamar [tamar.pashut at gmail.com];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  Neocortex L5/6 pyramidal GLU cell;
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pashut2011
TwoDimensions
Neuron
cells
cad2.mod *
child.mod *
childa.mod *
epsp.mod *
it2.mod *
kaprox.mod *
kca.mod *
km.mod *
kv.mod *
na.mod *
SlowCa.mod *
xtra.mod *
alon.ses
BACModel.hoc
BACModel_mag.hoc
Display.ses *
magstim.hoc
                            
TITLE K-A channel from Klee Ficker and Heinemann
: modified to account for Dax A Current ----------
: M.Migliore Jun 1997

UNITS {
	(mA) = (milliamp)
	(mV) = (millivolt)

}

INDEPENDENT {t FROM 0 TO 1 WITH 1 (ms)}

PARAMETER {
        dt (ms)
	v (mV)
        ek (mV)              : must be explicitely def. in hoc
	celsius = 24	(degC)
	gkabar=.008 (mho/cm2)
        vhalfn=11   (mV)
        vhalfl=-56   (mV)
        a0l=0.05      (/ms)
        a0n=0.05    (/ms)
        zetan=-1.5    (1)
        zetal=3    (1)
        gmn=0.55   (1)
        gml=1   (1)
	lmin=2  (mS)
	nmin=0.1  (mS)
	pw=-1    (1)
	tq=-40
	qq=5
	q10=5
	qtl=1
}


NEURON {
	SUFFIX kap
	USEION k READ ek WRITE ik
        RANGE gkabar,gka
        GLOBAL ninf,linf,taul,taun,lmin
}

STATE {
	n
        l
}

ASSIGNED {
	ik (mA/cm2)
        ninf
        linf      
        taul
        taun
        gka
}

BREAKPOINT {
	SOLVE states
	gka = gkabar*n*l
	ik = gka*(v-ek)

}


FUNCTION alpn(v(mV)) {
LOCAL zeta
  zeta=zetan+pw/(1+exp((v-tq)/qq))
  alpn = exp(1.e-3*zeta*(v-vhalfn)*9.648e4/(8.315*(273.16+celsius))) 
}

FUNCTION betn(v(mV)) {
LOCAL zeta
  zeta=zetan+pw/(1+exp((v-tq)/qq))
  betn = exp(1.e-3*zeta*gmn*(v-vhalfn)*9.648e4/(8.315*(273.16+celsius))) 
}

FUNCTION alpl(v(mV)) {
  alpl = exp(1.e-3*zetal*(v-vhalfl)*9.648e4/(8.315*(273.16+celsius))) 
}

FUNCTION betl(v(mV)) {
  betl = exp(1.e-3*zetal*gml*(v-vhalfl)*9.648e4/(8.315*(273.16+celsius))) 
}
LOCAL facn,facl

:if state_borgka is called from hoc, garbage or segmentation violation will
:result because range variables won't have correct pointer.  This is because
: only BREAKPOINT sets up the correct pointers to range variables.
PROCEDURE states() {     : exact when v held constant; integrates over dt step
        rates(v)
        n = n + facn*(ninf - n)
        l = l + facl*(linf - l)
        VERBATIM
        return 0;
        ENDVERBATIM
}

PROCEDURE rates(v (mV)) { :callable from hoc
        LOCAL a,qt
        qt=q10^((celsius-24)/10)
        a = alpn(v)
        ninf = 1/(1 + a)
        taun = betn(v)/(qt*a0n*(1+a))
	if (taun<nmin) {taun=nmin}
        facn = (1 - exp(-dt/taun))
        a = alpl(v)
        linf = 1/(1+ a)
	taul = 0.26*(v+50)/qtl
	if (taul<lmin/qtl) {taul=lmin/qtl}
        facl = (1 - exp(-dt/taul))
}