Synchrony by synapse location (McTavish et al. 2012)

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Accession:144054
This model considers synchrony between mitral cells induced via shared granule cell interneurons while taking into account the spatial constraints of the system. In particular, since inhibitory inputs decay passively along the lateral dendrites, this model demonstrates that an optimal arrangement of the inhibitory synapses will be near the cell bodies of the relevant mitral cells.
Reference:
1 . McTavish TS, Migliore M, Shepherd GM, Hines ML (2012) Mitral cell spike synchrony modulated by dendrodendritic synapse location. Front Comput Neurosci 6:3 [PubMed]
Citations  Citation Browser
Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Realistic Network; Neuron or other electrically excitable cell;
Brain Region(s)/Organism: Olfactory bulb;
Cell Type(s): Olfactory bulb main mitral GLU cell; Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell;
Channel(s): I Na,t; I A; I K;
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s): GabaB; AMPA; NMDA;
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: NEURON;
Model Concept(s): Synchronization; Olfaction;
Implementer(s): McTavish, Thomas S [thomas.mctavish at yale.edu];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  Olfactory bulb main mitral GLU cell; Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell; GabaB; AMPA; NMDA; I Na,t; I A; I K;
/
mctavish_syncbylocation
src
ampanmda.mod
fi.mod
kamt.mod
kdrmt.mod
naxn.mod
ThreshDetect.mod *
allsynhinton.hoc *
analysis.py
animtest.py
antest.ses *
bulbspikes.py
clear.hoc
connect.hoc
control.ses
default.hoc
granule.hoc *
hinton.hoc
init.hoc *
iterator.hoc *
lptiter.hoc
mgrs.hoc
michele_movie.hoc
mitral.hoc
mosinit.hoc
net.hoc
param.hoc
params.py
parinit.hoc
pattern.hoc
perfrun.hoc
show.hoc
showw.hoc
somesyn.hoc *
sortspike *
split.hoc
start.hoc
start.ses
stimodors.hoc
subset.hoc
subset_control.ses *
synweightsnapshot.py
viewspikes.hoc
viewspikes1.hoc
weight_movie.hoc
weightsave.hoc
                            
{load_file("viewspikes.hoc")}
{load_file("viewspikes1.hoc")}

begintemplate ShowConnect
public smode_, mgrsmap, syns, grasterm_
external ring, net_spatial_len, secdenlen, num_mitral, num_granule, mitral_x, granule_x, sparse_connection_matrix_
external reload_onecell, reload_wholenet, pc, weight_movie
external allsyn, somesyn, cells, flush_list, cvode, addplot, tstop
external pattern_tvec_, pattern_idvec_, mgconnect
external clear, create_stim, mknet, gidvec, classname
external moi, goi
public g, draw, fi_cond_vec
objref g, syns, msel, gsel, mgrsel, msynsel, gsynsel, synsel1, deck
objref b, v_rvp_, keepsyn, keepnc, hinton_shape, tplots
objref exc_hinton_shape, inh_hinton_shape
objref syn_movie_fih, syn_movie_list, syn_movie_nclist, this
objref grasterm_, grasterg_, scm, mgrsmap
objref fih_spikes, fih_bar, fih_cond
strdef sel_str_
create keepsyn_sec
proc init() {local i
	spike_viewer_ = 0
	show_soma_spikes_ = 1
	show_fi_cond_ = 0
	rasterm_ = 0
	rasterg_ = 0
	tplots = new List()
	hinton_movie = 0
	exc_hinton_movie = 0
	inh_hinton_movie = 0
	keepsyn_sec { delete_section() }
	smode_ = -1
	wholenet_ = 1
	sel_str_ = "no selection"
	sel_gid_ = -1
	cells = $o1
	//ls = cells.object(0).secden[1].L
	ls = secdenlen
	//num_mitral = $2
	//num_granule = $3
	scm = sparse_connection_matrix_
	nsyn = 0
	for i=0, scm.nrow-1 {
		nsyn += scm.sprowlen(i)
	}
	syns = $o4
	msel = new Vector(num_mitral)
	gsel = new Vector(num_granule)
	msynsel = new Vector(num_mitral) // all synapses assocated with mitral
	gsynsel = new Vector(num_granule)
	mgrsel = new Vector(nsyn)
	synsel1 = new Matrix(num_mitral, num_granule, 2)
	build()
	draw()
}

proc build() {local mx1, mx2, gx1, gx2
	b = new HBox()
	b.intercept(1)
	b.full_request(1)
	b.adjuster(520)
	g = new Graph(0)
	g.view(0,0,1,1,0,0,520,120)
	//cells.object(0).soma mx1 = x3d(0)
	//cells.object(num_mitral-1).soma mx2 = x3d(0)
	//cells.object(num_mitral).soma gx1 = x3d(0)
	//cells.object(num_mitral+num_granule-1).soma gx2 = x3d(0)
	mx1 = mitral_x.x[0]
	mx2 = mitral_x.x[num_mitral-1]
	gx1 = granule_x.x[0]
	gx2 = granule_x.x[num_granule-1]
	if ( gx1 < mx1) mx1 = gx1
	if ( gx2 > mx2) mx2 = gx2
	g.size(mx1, mx2, -1, num_mitral)
//	g.size(-ls + mx1, ls + mx2, -1, num_mitral)
	
	g.xaxis(3)

	deck = new Deck()
	deck.intercept(1)
	xpanel("")
	g.menu_tool("Select cells", "select", "smode(1)")
	g.menu_tool("Select all synapses of cells", "select", "smode(2)")
	g.menu_tool("Select a few synapses", "select", "smode(3)")
	xmenu("Select")
	xbutton("Mitrals", "mansel(0)")
	xbutton("Granules", "mansel(1)")
	xmenu()
	xcheckbox("Exc+Inh Hinton synapse movie", &hinton_movie)
	xcheckbox("Exc Hinton synapse movie", &exc_hinton_movie)
	xcheckbox("Inh Hinton synapse movie", &inh_hinton_movie)
	xcheckbox("Mitral soma raster", &rasterm_, "mraster()")
	xcheckbox("Granule soma raster", &rasterg_, "graster()")
	xcheckbox("Show soma spikes", &show_soma_spikes_, "show_fi_cond_ = (show_fi_cond_ && show_soma_spikes_)")
	xcheckbox(" and fih conductance", &show_fi_cond_, "show_fi_cond_ = (show_fi_cond_ && show_soma_spikes_)")
	xmenu("Spike Viewers")
	xbutton("All Mitrals", "view_spikes(0)")
	xbutton("Mitral at all granule positions", "view_spikes(1)")
	xmenu()
//	xcheckbox("Spike Viewer", &spike_viewer_, "view_spikes()")
//	xvarlabel(sel_str_)
	xbutton("Simulate", "sim()")
	xpanel()
	xpanel("")
	xbutton("Selection Tool", "whole_net()")
	xmenu("Spike Viewers")
	xbutton("All Mitrals", "view_spikes(0)")
	xbutton("Mitral at all granule positions", "view_spikes(1)")
	xmenu()
	xbutton("Time plots to file", "p2f(\"tplot.dat\")")
//	xbutton("Time plots to file", "p2f(\"temp.tplot\")")
//	xcheckbox("Spike Viewer", &spike_viewer_, "view_spikes()")
	xpanel()
	deck.intercept(0)
	deck.flip_to(0)
	deck.map()
	b.intercept(0)
	b.map("Select Subset", 400, 30, 700, 300)
	g.exec_menu("Select cells")
}
proc mraster() {local i  localobj tv, yv, mi, mt
//	objref grasterm_
	if (rasterm_) {
		grasterm_ = new Graph()
		grasterm_.size(0, tstop, 0, num_mitral)
		grasterm_.xaxis(3)
		grasterm_.xaxis(0, tstop,    0, 5,        0,0,1)
		grasterm_.yaxis(0, num_mitral, 0, 5, 0,0,1)
		mi = new Vector()
		mi.indvwhere(pattern_idvec_, "[)", 0, num_mitral)
		mt = new Vector()
		mt.index(pattern_tvec_.c, mi)
		mi.index(pattern_idvec_, mi)
		for i=0, mi.size-1 {
			grasterm_.mark(mt.x[i], mi.x[i], "|", 10, (i%8)+1, 1)
		}
	execute("barinit()")
	fih_bar = new FInitializeHandler(0, "cvode.event(0, \"bar()\")")
	}
}
proc graster() {local i, x  localobj tv, yv, gi, gt
	objref grasterg_
	if (rasterg_) {
		grasterg_ = new Graph()
		grasterg_.size(0, tstop, num_mitral-1, num_mitral+num_granule-1)
		grasterg_.xaxis(3)
		grasterg_.xaxis(0, tstop,    -.5, 5,        0,0,1)
		grasterg_.yaxis(num_mitral-1, num_mitral+num_granule-1, 0, 5,0,0,1)
		gi = new Vector()
		gi.indvwhere(pattern_idvec_, "[)", num_mitral, num_mitral+num_granule)
		gt = new Vector()
		gt.index(pattern_tvec_.c, gi)
		gi.index(pattern_idvec_, gi)
		gi.sub(num_mitral)
		for i=0, gi.size-1 {
			grasterg_.mark(gt.x[i], gi.x[i], "|", 10, 1, 1)
		}
	}
}

proc p2f() {local i, j, sz  localobj sf, f, g1, glist, xvec, yvec, lines
	sf = new StringFunctions()
	glist = new List("Graph")
	lines = new List()
	xvec = new Vector()  yvec = new Vector()
	// Yuguo wants text output in matrix form for time plots
	//  (only save lines that have the same size)
	for i=0, glist.count-1 {
		g1 = glist.o(i)
		if (g1 != grasterg_ && g1 != grasterm_ && g1 != g) {
  for (j=-1; (j = g1.getline(j, xvec, yvec)) != -1; ) {
			if (sf.net_spatial_len(yvec.label()) > 1 && yvec.size > 1000) {
				if (lines.count == 0) {
					lines.append(xvec.c)
					lines.o(0).label("t")
					sz = xvec.size
				}
				if (sz == yvec.size) {
					lines.append(yvec.cl)
				}
			}
  }
		}
	}
	if (lines.count == 0) {
		return
	}
	f = new File()
	f.wopen($s1)
	f.printf("%d %d\n", lines.count, lines.o(0).size)
	for i=0, lines.count-1 {
		f.printf("\"%s\"\n",lines.o(i).label())
	}
	for i = 0, sz-1 {
		f.printf("%g", lines.o(0).x[i])
		for j=1, lines.count-1 {
			f.printf(" %g", lines.o(j).x[i])
		}
		f.printf("\n")
	}
	f.close()
}

proc draw() {local i, j, k, x, x0, x1, mx, mn, gi, b, def_color, i1   localobj mgr, sr
	def_color = 1
	if (wholenet_ == 0) { def_color = 9 }
	g.erase_all()
	for i1=0, moi.size-1 { i=moi.x[i1]
		x = mitral_x.x[i]
		g.beginline(9, 1)
	    if (ring) {
		x0 = -ls + x
		x1 = ls + x
		if (x0 < 0) {
			g.line(net_spatial_len + x0, i) g.line(net_spatial_len, i)
			x0 = 0
			g.flush() g.beginline(9, 1)
		}
		if (x1 > net_spatial_len) {
			g.line(0, i) g.line(x1-net_spatial_len, i)
			x1 = net_spatial_len
			g.flush() g.beginline(9, 1)
		}
		g.line(x0, i)
		g.line(x1, i)
	    }else{
		g.line(-ls + x, i)
		g.line(ls + x, i)	
	    }
//		g.flush()
		if (msel.x[i] == 1) {
			g.mark(x, i, "T", 10, 2, 1)
		}else{
			g.mark(x, i, "t", 10, def_color, 2)
		}
	}
	for i1=0, goi.size-1  {i = goi.x[i1]
		x = granule_x.x[i]
		if (gsel.x[i] == 1) {
			g.mark(x, -1, "O", 8, 3, 1)
		}else{
			g.mark(x, -1, "o", 8, def_color, 1)
		}
		g.beginline(9, 1)
		g.line(x, num_mitral-.5)
		g.line(x, -1)
//		g.flush()
	}
//	for k=0, syns.count-1 {
//		mgr = syns.object(k)
//		mi = mgr.mitral_gid
//		gi = mgr.granule_gid - num_mitral
	for i1 = 0, moi.size-1  {mi=moi.x[i1] for k=0, scm.sprowlen(mi)-1 {
		scm.spgetrowval(mi, k, &gi)
		x = granule_x.x[gi]
		j = mi
		b = 0
		if (msynsel.x[mi] || gsynsel.x[gi]) {
			b = 1
			g.mark(x, j, "O", 6, 4, 1)
		}else{
			if (msel.x[mi]) {
				b = 1
				if (gsel.x[gi]) {
					g.mark(x, j, "O", 5, 2, 1)
					g.mark(x, j, "o", 6, 3, 2)
				}else{
					g.mark(x, j, "O", 6, 2, 1)
				}
			}else if (gsel.x[gi]) {
				b = 1
				g.mark(x, j, "O", 6, 3, 1)
			}
		}
		if (b == 0) {
			if (wholenet_ == 1) {
				g.mark(x, j, "o", 4, 1, 1)
			}else if (hinton_movie) {
				g.mark(x, j, "O", 3, 1, 1)
			}
		}
		if (synsel1.getval(mi, gi)) {
			g.mark(x, j, "O", 6, 6, 1)
		}
	}}
	if (show_fi_cond_ && wholenet_ == 0) {
		fi_cond_init()
	}
	g.flush()
}
proc smode() {
	if (smode_ != $1) {
//		whole_net()
	}
	smode_ = $1
	sel_gid_ = -1
}
proc view_spikes() {localobj sv
	spike_viewer_ = 0
	if ($1 == 0) {
		sv = new SpikeViewer(pattern_tvec_, pattern_idvec_)
	}else{
		sv = new SpikeViewer1(pattern_tvec_, pattern_idvec_)
	}
}

proc select() {local m, g, min, x, i, j  localobj mgr, s
	if (wholenet_ != 1) { return }
	if ($1 == 2) { //press
		//print $1, $2, $3, $4
		if ($3 < -.5) {
			 m = -1
		} else {
			m = int($3+.5)
		}
		if (m >= num_mitral) { m = -1}
		if (m >= 0) { // closest to moi
			if (moi.indwhere("==", m) == -1) {
				//s = new String()
				//sprint(s.s, "Mitral %g not displayed", m)
				//continue_dialog(s.s)
				m = -1
			}
		}
		min = 1e9
		g = -1
		// assume granules evenly distributed from 0 to net_spatial_len
		g = int(num_granule*$2/net_spatial_len)
		if (g < 0) g = 0
		if (g >= num_granule) g = num_granule-1
		if (g >= 0) { // closest to g
			if (goi.indwhere("==", g) == -1) {
				//s = new String()
				//sprint(s.s, "Mitral %g not displayed", g)
				//continue_dialog(s.s)
				g = -1
			}
		}
		//print smode_, m, g
	    if (smode_ == 1) { // selecting a cell
		if (m >= 0) {
			msel.x[m] = (msel.x[m] == 0)
			sel_gid_ = m
			sprint(sel_str_, "mitral gid %d", sel_gid_)
		}else if (g >= 0) {
			gsel.x[g] = (gsel.x[g] == 0)
			sel_gid_ = g + num_mitral
			sprint(sel_str_, "granule gid %d", sel_gid_)
		}else{
			sel_gid_ = -1
			sel_str_ = "no selection" 
		}
	    }else if (smode_ == 2) { // selecting all syn for a cell
		if (m >= 0) {
			msynsel.x[m] = (msynsel.x[m] == 0)
			sel_gid_ = m
			sprint(sel_str_, "mitral gid %d", sel_gid_)
		}else if (g >= 0) {
			gsynsel.x[g] = (gsynsel.x[g] == 0)
			sel_gid_ = g + num_mitral
			sprint(sel_str_, "granule gid %d", sel_gid_)
		}else{
			sel_gid_ = -1
			sel_str_ = "no selection" 
		}
	    }else{ // select individual synapses
		if (m > -1 && g > -1) {
//printf("%d %d %d\n", m, g, scm.getval(m, g))
			if (scm.getval(m, g)) {
				synsel1.x[m][g] = synsel1.x[m][g]==0
			}
		}
	    }
		draw()
	}
}

obfunc sellist() {localobj a
	if (smode_ == 1) {
		if ($1 == 0) { a = msel } else { a = gsel }
	}else if (smode_ == 2) {
		if ($1 == 0) { a = msynsel } else { a = gsynsel }
	}
	return a
}
proc str2sel() {local i  localobj s, a, sf
	sf = new StringFunctions()
	a = sellist($1)
	a.fill(0)
	while(sf.net_spatial_len($s2) > 0 && sscanf($s2,"%d", &i)) {
		if (i < 0) { continue }
		if ($1 == 0) {
			if (i >= num_mitral) { continue }
		}else{
			if (i >= num_granule) { continue }
		}
		a.x[i] = 1
		sf.tail($s2, " ", $s2)
	}
}
obfunc sel2str() {local i localobj s, a
	s = new String()
	a = sellist($1)
	if(object_id(a) == 0){
		s.s = "Not Allowed"
	}else{
		for i=0, a.size-1 if (a.x[i]) {
			sprint(s.s, "%s %d", s.s, i)
		}
	}
	return s
}
proc mansel() {localobj label, s
	label = new String()
	if ($1 == 0) {
		label.s = "Space separated list of mitral id's"
	}else{
		label.s = "Space separated list of granule id's"
	}
	s = sel2str($1)
	if (string_dialog(label.s, s.s)) {
		str2sel($1, s.s)
		draw()
	}
}

proc sim() {local i, j, jx, x, mk
	if (wholenet_ != 1) { return }
//	if (smode_ != 1) { return }
	deck.flip_to(1)
	wholenet_ = 0
//	prune()
	create_subnet()
	draw()
	for i=0, synsel1.nrow-1 {
		for jx = 0, synsel1.sprowlen(i)-1 {
			x = synsel1.spgetrowval(i, jx, &j)
			syn_graph(mgfind(i, j))
		}
	}
	for i=0, msel.size-1 if (msel.x[i]) {
		v_movie(i)
		t_movie(i)
	}
	for i=0, gsel.size-1 if (gsel.x[i]) {
		t_movie(i + num_mitral)
	}
	mk = 0
	for i=0, msynsel.size-1 if (msynsel.x[i]) {
		mk = 1
		if (object_id(syn_movie_list) == 0) {
			syn_movie_list = new List()
			syn_movie_nclist = new List()
		}
		syn_movie(i)
	}
	if (hinton_movie) {
		mkhinton(1)
		mk = 1
	}
	if (exc_hinton_movie) {
		mkhinton(2)
		mk = 1
	}
	if (inh_hinton_movie) {
		mkhinton(3)
		mk = 1
	}
	if (mk) {
syn_movie_fih = new FInitializeHandler("cvode.event(0, \"show_weight()\")", this)
	}
	show_weight()
	if (show_soma_spikes_) {
		fih_spikes = new FInitializeHandler(0, "cvode.event(0, \"spikesinit()\")")
	}
	if (show_fi_cond_) {
		fih_cond = new FInitializeHandler("cvode.event(20, \"fi_cond_update()\")", this)
	}
	execute("stdinit()")
}

objref fi_cond_vec[1]
proc fi_cond_init() {local i
	objref fi_cond_vec[num_mitral]
	for i=0, num_mitral-1 {
		fi_cond_vec[i] = new Vector(num_granule)
	}
	fi_cond_update1()
	for i=0, num_mitral-1 {
		fi_cond_vec[i].plot(g, granule_x, 1, 1)
	}
	g.flush()
}
proc fi_cond_update() {
	fi_cond_update1()
	g.flush()
	cvode.event(t+20, "fi_cond_update()")
}

proc fi_cond_update1() {local i, m, g, scl  localobj mgrs, cvec, fi
	scl = 200
	for i=0, syns.count-1 {
		mgrs = syns.o(i)
		m = mgrs.mitral_gid
		g = mgrs.granule_gid - num_mitral
		cvec = fi_cond_vec[m]
		fi = mgrs.fi
		if (object_id(fi)) {
			cvec.x[g] = fi.g*scl + m
		}
	}
}

proc whole_net() {local i
	pc.gid_clear()
	objref mgrsmap
	objref fih_spikes
	objref fih_cond
	for i=0, tplots.count-1 {
		tplots.o(i).unmap()
	}
	tplots.remove_all()
	objref keepsyn, keepnc, syn_movie_nclist, syn_movie_fih, syn_movie_list
	objref hinton_shape, exc_hinton_shape, inh_hinton_shape
	create keepsyn_sec
	keepsyn_sec { delete_section() }
	sel_gid_ = -1
	sel_str_ = "no selection"
//	reload_wholenet()
	clear()
	wholenet_ = 1
	deck.flip_to(0)
	draw()
}

proc v_movie() {localobj g, s
	s = new String()
	g = new Graph(0)	
	g.view(-secdenlen, -80, 2*secdenlen, 120, 400, 500+$1*300/num_mitral, 700, 200)
	v_rvp_ = new RangeVarPlot("v")
	pc.gid2cell($1).secden[1] v_rvp_.begin(1)	
	pc.gid2cell($1).secden[0] v_rvp_.end(1)
	v_rvp_.origin(12.5)
	g.addobject(v_rvp_, 2, 1, 0.8, 0.9)
	sprint(s.s, "mitral gid %d", $1)
	g.label(.3,.9,s.s,2)
	flush_list.append(g)
	tplots.append(g)
}

proc t_movie() {localobj g, s
	s = new String()
	sprint(s.s, "gid %d: %s.soma.v(.5)", $1, pc.gid2cell($1))
	g = new Graph()
	addplot(g, 0)
	g.size(0, tstop, -80, 40)
	tplots.append(g)
	g.label(.3, 1, "", 2)
	pc.gid2cell($1).soma g.addvar(s.s, "v(0.5)", 1, 1) 
}

proc syn_graph() {localobj g, s, mgr
	mgr = $o1
	if (object_id(mgr) == 0) {
		execerror("syn_graph arg is nil")
	}
	s = new String()
	sprint(s.s, "syn (%d, %d)", mgr.mitral_gid, mgr.granule_gid)
	g = new Graph()
	addplot(g, 0)
	g.size(0, tstop, 0, 1)
	tplots.append(g)
	g.label(.3, .9, s.s, 2)
	sprint(s.s, "%s.weight[2]", mgr.gd2fi)
	g.addvar("fi", s.s, 3, 1)
	sprint(s.s, "%s.weight[2]", mgr.md2ampanmda)
	g.addvar("an", s.s, 2, 1)
}

proc syn_movie() {local i localobj g, s, nc, nclist1, nclist2, syn
	s = new String()
	g = new Graph(0)
	g.view(0, 0, net_spatial_len, 1, 400, 250+$1*400/num_mitral, 700, 200)
	
	sprint(s.s, "mitral gid %d", $1)
	g.label(.3,.9,s.s,2)
	syn_movie_list.append(g)
	nclist1 = new List()
	nclist2 = new List()
	for i = 0, syns.count-1 {
		syn = syns.o(i)
		if (syn.mitral_gid == $1) {
			nclist1.append(syn.gd2fi)
			nclist2.append(syn.md2ampanmda)
		}
	}
	syn_movie_nclist.append(nclist1)
	syn_movie_nclist.append(nclist2)
}

proc show_weight() {local i, j, k, x, w  localobj g, nc, syn, nclist
	if (object_id(syn_movie_list)) for i=0, syn_movie_list.count-1 {
		g = syn_movie_list.o(i)
		g.erase()
		for j=0,1 {
			nclist = syn_movie_nclist.o(2*i + j)
			for k = 0, nclist.count - 1 {
				nc = nclist.o(k)
				syn = nc.syn
				x = syn.x
				w = nc.weight[2]
				if (j == 1) {
					g.mark(x, w, "S", 8, 2, 1)
				}else{
					g.mark(x, w, "s", 10, 3, 1)
				}
			}
		}
	}			
	if (object_id(hinton_shape)) {
		hinton_shape.flush()
	}
	if (object_id(exc_hinton_shape)) {
		exc_hinton_shape.flush()
	}
	if (object_id(inh_hinton_shape)) {
		inh_hinton_shape.flush()
	}
	cvode.event(t + 100, "show_weight()")
}

proc prune() {local i, mi, gi  localobj pc, keepa, keepf, mgr, nil, cell
	pc = new ParallelContext()
	pc.gid_clear()
	// 0 - destroy, 1 - keep where it is, 2 - move to safe place
	keepa = new Vector(syns.count)
	keepf = new Vector(syns.count)
	if (hinton_movie) { keepa.fill(2)  keepf.fill(2) }
	if (exc_hinton_movie) { keepa.fill(2) }
	if (inh_hinton_movie) { keepf.fill(2) }
	for i=0, syns.count-1 {
		mgr = syns.o(i)
		mi = mgr.mitral_gid
		gi = mgr.granule_gid - num_mitral
		if (msynsel.x[mi]) {keepa.x[i] = 2  keepf.x[i] = 2 }
		if (gsynsel.x[gi]) {keepa.x[i] = 2  keepf.x[i] = 2 }
		if (synsel1.x[i]) {keepa.x[i] = 2  keepf.x[i] = 2 }
	}
	for i=0, syns.count-1 {
		mgr = syns.o(i)
		mi = mgr.mitral_gid
		gi = mgr.granule_gid - num_mitral
		if (msel.x[mi]) {keepf.x[i] = 1}
		if (gsel.x[gi]) {keepa.x[i] = 1}
	}
	// move/destroy syns
	for i=0, syns.count-1 {
		mgr = syns.o(i)
		mgr.gd = nil
		mgr.md = nil
		if (keepf.x[i] == 2) {
			if (!section_exists("keepsyn_sec", this)) {
				create keepsyn_sec
			}
			keepsyn_sec mgr.fi.loc(.5)
			mgr.mitral = nil
		}
		if (keepa.x[i] == 2) {
			if (!section_exists("keepsyn_sec", this)) {
				create keepsyn_sec
			}
			keepsyn_sec mgr.ampanmda.loc(.5)
			mgr.granule = nil
			mgr.spine = nil
		}
		if (keepf.x[i] == 0) {
			mgr.gd2fi = nil
			mgr.fi = nil
			mgr.mitral = nil
			mgr.granule = nil
		}
		if (keepa.x[i] == 0) {
			mgr.md2ampanmda = nil
			mgr.ampanmda = nil
			mgr.mitral = nil
			mgr.granule = nil
			mgr.spine = nil
		}
	}
	// destroy cells
	for (i = cells.count-1; i >= 0; i -= 1) {
		cell = cells.o(i)
		if (i < num_mitral) if(msel.x[i]) {
			pc.set_gid2node(i, pc.id)
			cell.soma pc.cell(i, new NetCon(&v(.5), nil))
			continue
		}
		if (i > num_mitral) if (gsel.x[i - num_mitral]) {
			pc.set_gid2node(i, pc.id)
			cell.soma pc.cell(i, new NetCon(&v(.5), nil))
			continue
		}
		cells.remove(i)
		cell = nil
	}
	// recreate connection using the original NetCon
	for i=0, syns.count-1 {
		mgr = syns.o(i)
		if (mgr.fi != nil) {
			pc.gid_connect(mgr.gd_gid, mgr.fi, mgr.gd2fi)
		}
		if (mgr.ampanmda != nil) {
			pc.gid_connect(mgr.md_gid, mgr.ampanmda, mgr.md2ampanmda)
		}
	}
}

proc create_subnet() {local i, m, j, x, g  localobj mgr, nil
	// first the cells, then synapses not on cells
	objref mgrsmap
	gidvec.resize(0)
	for i=0, msel.size-1 if (msel.x[i]) { gidvec.append(i) }
	for i=0, gsel.size-1 if (gsel.x[i]) { gidvec.append(i + num_mitral) }
	mknet()
	create_stim()
	// if hinton we need all remaining syn, otherwise the msynsel...
	if (hinton_movie || exc_hinton_movie || inh_hinton_movie) {
		mk_mgrsmap()
		if (!section_exists("keepsyn_sec", this)) {
			create keepsyn_sec
		}
		keepsyn_sec for m=0, num_mitral-1 for j=0, scm.sprowlen(m)-1 {
			scm.spgetrowval(m, j, &g)
			mgrs_extra(m, g)
		}
		objref mgrsmap
	}
	if (msynsel.indwhere("==", 1) >= 0) {
		mk_mgrsmap()
		if (!section_exists("keepsyn_sec", this)) {
			create keepsyn_sec
		}
		keepsyn_sec for m=0, num_mitral-1 if (msynsel.x[m]) for j=0, scm.sprowlen(m)-1 {
			scm.spgetrowval(m, j, &g)
			mgrs_extra(m, g)
		}
		objref mgrsmap
	}
	if (gsynsel.indwhere("==", 1) >= 0) {
		mk_mgrsmap()
		if (!section_exists("keepsyn_sec", this)) {
			create keepsyn_sec
		}
		keepsyn_sec for g=0, num_granule-1 if (gsynsel.x[g]) for m=0, num_mitral-1 {
			mgrs_extra(m, g)
		}
		objref mgrsmap
	}
	j=0
	for i=0, synsel1.nrow-1 if (synsel1.sprowlen(i) > 0) { j=1 break}
	if (j) {
		mk_mgrsmap()
		if (!section_exists("keepsyn_sec", this)) {
			create keepsyn_sec
		}
		keepsyn_sec for m=0, synsel1.nrow-1 for j=0, synsel1.sprowlen(m)-1 {
			if (synsel1.spgetrowval(m, j, &g)) {
				mgrs_extra(m, g)
			}
		}
	}
	objref mgrsmap
	mk_mgrsmap()
}

// create any synapses onto the cas for m,g that do not already exist
proc mgrs_extra() {localobj mgrs
	mgrs = mgfind($1, $2)
	if (object_id(mgrs)) {
		mgrs.complete()
		mgrs.fi.x = granule_x.x[$2]
		mgrs.ampanmda.x = granule_x.x[$2]
	}else{
		mgconnect($1, $2, 1)
	}
}

proc mk_mgrsmap() {local i  localobj po, keys, s
	if (object_id(mgrsmap) != 0) { return }
	po = new PythonObject()
	mgrsmap = po.dict()
	keys = new Vector(syns.count)
	for i=0, syns.count-1 {
		s = syns.o(i)
		keys.x[i] = s.mitral_gid + (s.granule_gid-num_mitral)*num_mitral
	}
	mgrsmap = mgrsmap.fromkeys(keys)
	for i=0, syns.count-1 {
		mgrsmap.__setitem__(keys.x[i], syns.o(i))
	}
//nrnpython("a = None")
//po.a = mgrsmap
//nrnpython("print a")
//print "hello"
}

obfunc mgfind() {
	return mgrsmap.get($1+num_mitral*$2)
}

objref cmap

proc mkhinton() {local i, mx1, mx2, xmin, xmax, dx, ymin, ymax, yscl \
  localobj syn, sl, g
	xmin = 0  xmax = net_spatial_len
	dx = net_spatial_len/num_granule
//print "dx=", dx
	ymin = 0  ymax = num_mitral
	yscl = (xmax - xmin)/(ymax - ymin) * 250/700 *.9
//	if (dx > yscl/2) { dx = yscl/2 * .9 }
//	hinton_build()
//proc hinton_build() {local mx1, mx2, sl
	sl = new SectionList()
	g = new PlotShape(sl,0)
	if ($1 == 1) hinton_shape = g else if ($1 == 2) exc_hinton_shape = g else inh_hinton_shape = g
	g.view(xmin, ymin, xmax-xmin, (ymax-ymin)*yscl, 400, 250, 700, 250)
	g.colormap(11)
	i = -1
g.colormap(i+=1, 111,  0,    111)
g.colormap(i+=1, 143,  0,    127)
g.colormap(i+=1, 175,  0,    95)
g.colormap(i+=1, 207,  0,    63)
g.colormap(i+=1, 223,  47,   47)
g.colormap(i+=1, 255,  79,   15)
g.colormap(i+=1, 255,  111,  0)
g.colormap(i+=1, 255,  143,  0)
g.colormap(i+=1, 255,  175,  0)
//g.colormap(i+=1, 255,  207,  0)
g.colormap(i+=1, 255,  239,  0)
//g.colormap(i+=1, 255,  255,  0)
g.colormap(i+=1, 255,  255,  200)

	g.scale(0,1)
	g.exec_menu("Shape Plot")
	hinton_draw(dx, $1, g)
}
proc hinton_draw() {local i, x, m, b, dx  localobj ncl, nc, syn, sr, s
	dx = $1
	s = new String()
	ncl = new List("NetCon")
	for i=0, ncl.count-1 {
		nc = ncl.object(i)
		syn = nc.syn
		classname(syn, s.s)
		if (strcmp(s.s, "FastInhib") == 0) {
			b = 1
		}else if (strcmp(s.s, "AmpaNmda") == 0) {
			b = 0
		}else{
			continue
		}
		x = syn.x
		m = syn.mgid		
		nc.weight[2] = 0
		if ($2 == 1) {
			$o3.hinton(&nc.weight[2], x, 3*m*dx+(dx)*b, dx)
		}else{
			if ($2 == 2 && b == 0) {
				$o3.hinton(&nc.weight[2], x, m*dx, dx)
			}
			if ($2 == 3 && b == 1) {
				$o3.hinton(&nc.weight[2], x, m*dx, dx)
			}
		}
	}
}

endtemplate ShowConnect

objref sc_
proc showconnect() {
	sc_ = new ShowConnect(cells, num_mitral, num_granule, mgrs_list)
}
showconnect()

load_file("michele_movie.hoc")