Electrostimulation to reduce synaptic scaling driven progression of Alzheimers (Rowan et al. 2014)

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Accession:154096
"... As cells die and synapses lose their drive, remaining cells suffer an initial decrease in activity. Neuronal homeostatic synaptic scaling then provides a feedback mechanism to restore activity. ... The scaling mechanism increases the firing rates of remaining cells in the network to compensate for decreases in network activity. However, this effect can itself become a pathology, ... Here, we present a mechanistic explanation of how directed brain stimulation might be expected to slow AD progression based on computational simulations in a 470-neuron biomimetic model of a neocortical column. ... "
Reference:
1 . Rowan MS, Neymotin SA, Lytton WW (2014) Electrostimulation to reduce synaptic scaling driven progression of Alzheimer's disease. Front Comput Neurosci 8:39 [PubMed]
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Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Realistic Network;
Brain Region(s)/Organism: Neocortex;
Cell Type(s): Neocortex L5/6 pyramidal GLU cell; Neocortex L2/3 pyramidal GLU cell; Neocortex V1 interneuron basket PV GABA cell; Neocortex fast spiking (FS) interneuron; Neocortex spiny stellate cell; Neocortex spiking regular (RS) neuron; Neocortex spiking low threshold (LTS) neuron;
Channel(s):
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s): GabaA; AMPA; NMDA;
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s): Gaba; Glutamate;
Simulation Environment: NEURON; Python;
Model Concept(s): Long-term Synaptic Plasticity; Aging/Alzheimer`s; Deep brain stimulation; Homeostasis;
Implementer(s): Lytton, William [bill.lytton at downstate.edu]; Neymotin, Sam [Samuel.Neymotin at nki.rfmh.org]; Rowan, Mark [m.s.rowan at cs.bham.ac.uk];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  Neocortex L5/6 pyramidal GLU cell; Neocortex L2/3 pyramidal GLU cell; Neocortex V1 interneuron basket PV GABA cell; GabaA; AMPA; NMDA; Gaba; Glutamate;
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RowanEtAl2014
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alz.hoc
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basestdp.hoc *
batch.hoc *
batch2.hoc *
batchcommon
checkirreg.hoc *
clusterrun.sh
col.dot *
col.hoc *
comppowspec.hoc *
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declist.hoc *
decmat.hoc *
decnqs.hoc *
decvec.hoc *
default.hoc *
drline.hoc *
e2hubsdisconpow.hoc *
e2incconpow.hoc *
filtutils.hoc *
flexinput.hoc
geom.hoc *
graphplug.hoc *
grvec.hoc *
infot.hoc *
init.hoc *
labels.hoc *
load.hoc *
local.hoc *
makepopspikenq.hoc *
matfftpowplug.hoc *
matpmtmplug.hoc *
matpmtmsubpopplug.hoc *
matspecplug.hoc *
mosinit.hoc
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nqs.hoc *
nqsnet.hoc *
nrnoc.hoc *
params.hoc
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pyhoc.py
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redE2.hoc *
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runsim.sh
setup.hoc *
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sim.hoc
simctrl.hoc *
spkts.hoc *
stats.hoc *
syncode.hoc *
vsampenplug.hoc *
writedata.hoc
xgetargs.hoc *
                            
// $Id: filtutils.hoc,v 1.11 2011/11/07 21:37:48 samn Exp $ 

print "Loading filtutils.hoc..."

//* mkgauss(vector,average,standard-dev)
proc mkgauss () { local i,x,sz,mu,sd localobj vin
  vin=$o1 sz=vin.size mu=$2 sd=$3
  for vtr(&x,vin,&i) vin.x(i) = exp( -(x-mu)^2 / (2*sd*sd) )
  vin.mul( 1 / (sd*sqrt(2*PI)) )
}

//* mktriangwin(vec,size - should be odd,[skip the wraparound])
proc mktriangwin () { local i,j,sz localobj vin
  vin=$o1 vin.resize($2)
  vin.x(int($2/2))=1
  j=1 sz=1/(vin.size/2)
  for (i=int($2/2)-1;i>=0;i-=1) {
    vin.x(i)=j
    j-=sz
  }
  j=1
  for i=int($2/2)+1,vin.size-1 {
    vin.x(i)=j
    j-=sz
  }
  vin.div(vin.sum)
  if(numarg()>2) return
  vin.wraparound(vin.size)
}

//* mkgaussfilt(vec,stdev[,vx])
proc mkgaussfilt () { local sd,minx,maxx,dx,a localobj vin,vx
  vin=$o1 sd=$2
  if(numarg()>2) {vx=$o3 vin.resize(0) vin.copy(vx)}
  mkgauss(vin,0,sd)
  vin.wraparound(vin.size)
  vin.div(vin.sum)
  dealloc(a)
}

//* dofilt(vsignal,vwindow) - filters with convlv
proc dofilt () { local a,i localobj vsig,vwin,vtmp
  a=allocvecs(vtmp) vsig=$o1 vwin=$o2 sz=vsig.size
  vtmp.convlv(vsig,vwin)
  vsig.copy(vtmp)
  vsig.resize(sz) // make sure size doesn't change
  dealloc(a)  
}

//* triangfilt(vin,filtsize) - run a triangle filter
proc triangfilt () { local a localobj vin,vwin
  vin=$o1
  a=allocvecs(vwin)
  mktriangwin(vwin,$2) // make the window
  dofilt(vin,vwin) // do the filtering
  dealloc(a)
}

//* boxfilt(vin,filtsize) - run a box(moving average) filter
proc boxfilt () { local a localobj vin,vwin
  vin=$o1
  a=allocvecs(vwin)
  {vwin.resize($2) vwin.fill(1) vwin.div(vwin.size)} // make the window
  dofilt(vin,vwin) // do the filtering
  dealloc(a)
}

//* gaussfilt(vin,stdev,vx) - run a gaussian filter - vx is x-values used to make gaussian
proc gaussfilt () {  local a,sd localobj vin,vwin,vx
  vin=$o1 sd=$2 vx=$o3
  a=allocvecs(vwin)
  mkgaussfilt(vwin,sd,vx) // make the window
  dofilt(vin,vwin) // do the filtering
  dealloc(a)
}

//* myfilt(code,vec) - code:0=gauss,1=triangle,2=box
proc myfilt () { local a localobj vx
  if($1==0) {
    a=allocvecs(vx)
    vx.indgen(-3,3,.03)
    gaussfilt($o2,stdg,vx)
  } else if($1==1) {
    triangfilt($o2,winsz)
  } else if($1==2) {
    boxfilt($o2,winsz)
  }
}

//* resample(vec,new size) - resample a vec to new size using linear interpolation
proc resample(){ local newsz,idxdest,idxsrc,val,fctr,frac localobj vtmp
  {vtmp=new Vector($2) fctr=$o1.size/$2  vtmp.x(0)=$o1.x(0) idxsrc=fctr}
  for(idxdest=1;idxdest<$2-1;idxdest+=1){
    idxsrc = idxdest * fctr
    frac = idxsrc - int(idxsrc)
    idxsrc = int(idxsrc)
    if(idxsrc+1>=$o1.size){
      vtmp.x(idxdest) = $o1.x(idxsrc)
      continue
    }
    val = (1-frac) * $o1.x(idxsrc) + frac * $o1.x(idxsrc+1)
    vtmp.x(idxdest) = val
  }
  {vtmp.x($2-1)=$o1.x($o1.size-1) $o1.resize($2) $o1.copy(vtmp)}
}

//* bandfilt(datavector,low frequency,high frequency[,window size for bandpass filter])
// bandpass filter using via FFT convolution, $o1 will be modified
func bandfilt () { local a,idx,hz,lohz,hihz,wsz localobj v1,vwin,v2
  if(!name_declared("INSTALLED_myfft")){printf("bandfilt ERRA: myfft.mod not installed!\n") return 0}
  {v1=$o1  lohz=$2  hihz=$3}
  if(numarg()>3)wsz=$4 else wsz=1025
  a=allocvecs(vwin,v2)
  vwin.resize(wsz)
  vwin.bpwin(lohz/sampr,hihz/sampr) //make bandpass windowed sinc
  vwin.wraparound(wsz) //wrap around for FFT convolution
  v2.convlv(v1,vwin)
  v1.copy(v2)
  dealloc(a)
  return 1
}

//* multfilt(inputvector,outputvector,vector of lowfrequencies,vector of highfrequencies)
//get superposition of multiple frequency bands, each pair in $o3,$o4 should be considered a band
func multfilt () { local a,i localobj vtmp,vin,vout,vlo,vhi
  if(!name_declared("INSTALLED_myfft")) {printf("multfilt ERRA: myfft.mod not installed!\n") return 0}
  a=allocvecs(vtmp)
  vin=$o1 vout=$o2 vlo=$o3 vhi=$o4
  for i=0,vlo.size-1 {
    vtmp.copy(vin)
    bandfilt(vtmp,vlo.x(i),vhi.x(i))
    if(i==0)vout.copy(vtmp) else vout.add(vtmp)
  }
  vout.resize(vin.size)
  dealloc(a)  
  return 1
}

//* nrnpsd(vector,samplingrate) - calculates PSD and returns as an NQS object
// uses NEURON spctrm function
obfunc nrnpsd () { local sampr localobj vec,nqp
  vec=$o1 sampr=$2
  nqp=new NQS("f","pow")
  nqp.v[1].spctrm(vec)
  nqp.v.indgen(0,sampr/2,(sampr/2)/nqp.v[1].size)
  nqp.v.resize(nqp.v[1].size)
  return nqp
}

//* mkprefftwin(outputvec,windowtype[,windowsize]) - make window for multiplying before running fft
proc mkprefftwin () { local pref,sz localobj vpre
  vpre=$o1 pref=$2
  if(numarg()>2) sz=$3 else sz=vpre.size
  vpre.resize(sz)
  if(pref==1) {
    vpre.blackmanwin()
  } else if(pref==2) {
    vpre.hanningwin()
  } else if(pref==3) {
    vpre.hammingwin()
  } else {printf("mkprefftwin ERRA: unknown window type!\n") return}
}

//* getspecnq(vec,sampr[,specty,prefilt])
obfunc getspecnq () { local sampr,specty,pref,a localobj vec,vpre,v2,nq
  vec=$o1 sampr=$2 nq=nil
  if(numarg()>2) specty=$3 else specty=0
  if(numarg()>3) pref=$4 else pref=0
  if(pref) { // pre-fft filtering
    a=allocvecs(vpre,v2)
    vpre.resize(vec.size)
    mkprefftwin(vpre,pref)
    v2.copy(vec)
    v2.mul(vpre)
    vec=v2
  }
  if(specty==0) nq=pypmtm(vec,sampr)
  if(specty==1) nq=pypsd(vec,sampr)
  if(specty==2) nq=matpmtm(vec,sampr)
  if(specty==3) nq=nrnpsd(vec,sampr)
  if(specty==4) nq=pybspow(vec,sampr)
  if(pref) dealloc(a)
  return nq
}