Correcting space clamp in dendrites (Schaefer et al. 2003 and 2007)

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Accession:22203
In voltage-clamp experiments, incomplete space clamp distorts the recorded currents, rendering accurate analysis impossible. Here, we present a simple numerical algorithm that corrects such distortions. The method enabled accurate retrieval of the local densities, kinetics, and density gradients of somatic and dendritic channels. The correction method was applied to two-electrode voltage-clamp recordings of K currents from the apical dendrite of layer 5 neocortical pyramidal neurons. The generality and robustness of the algorithm make it a useful tool for voltage-clamp analysis of voltage-gated currents in structures of any morphology that is amenable to the voltage-clamp technique.
Reference:
1 . Schaefer AT, Helmstaedter M, Sakmann B, Korngreen A (2003) Correction of conductance measurements in non-space-clamped structures: 1. Voltage-gated K+ channels. Biophys J 84:3508-28 [PubMed]
2 . Schaefer AT, Helmstaedter M, Schmitt AC, Bar-Yehuda D, Almog M, Ben-Porat H, Sakmann B, Korngreen A (2007) Dendritic voltage-gated K+ conductance gradient in pyramidal neurones of neocortical layer 5B from rats. J Physiol 579:737-52 [PubMed]
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Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Neuron or other electrically excitable cell;
Brain Region(s)/Organism:
Cell Type(s): Neocortex M1 L5B pyramidal pyramidal tract GLU cell;
Channel(s): I K; I K,leak; I M; I Potassium;
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s):
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: NEURON;
Model Concept(s): Parameter Fitting; Influence of Dendritic Geometry; Detailed Neuronal Models;
Implementer(s): Schaefer, Andreas T [andreas.schaefer at crick.ac.uk];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  Neocortex M1 L5B pyramidal pyramidal tract GLU cell; I K; I K,leak; I M; I Potassium;
COMMENT

kv.mod

Potassium channel, Hodgkin-Huxley style kinetics
Kinetic rates based roughly on Sah et al. and Hamill et al. (1991)

Author: Zach Mainen, Salk Institute, 1995, zach@salk.edu
	
ENDCOMMENT

INDEPENDENT {t FROM 0 TO 1 WITH 1 (ms)}

NEURON {
	SUFFIX kv
	USEION k READ ek WRITE ik
	RANGE n, gk, gbar
	RANGE ninf, ntau
	GLOBAL Ra, Rb
	GLOBAL q10, temp, tadj, vmin, vmax
}

UNITS {
	(mA) = (milliamp)
	(mV) = (millivolt)
	(pS) = (picosiemens)
	(um) = (micron)
} 

PARAMETER {
	gbar = 5   	(pS/um2)	: 0.03 mho/cm2
	v 		(mV)
								
	tha  = 25	(mV)		: v 1/2 for inf
	qa   = 9	(mV)		: inf slope		
	
	Ra   = 0.02	(/ms)		: max act rate
	Rb   = 0.002	(/ms)		: max deact rate	

	dt		(ms)
	celsius		(degC)
	temp = 23	(degC)		: original temp 	
	q10  = 2.3			: temperature sensitivity

	vmin = -120	(mV)
	vmax = 100	(mV)
} 


ASSIGNED {
	a		(/ms)
	b		(/ms)
	ik 		(mA/cm2)
	gk		(pS/um2)
	ek		(mV)
	ninf
	ntau (ms)	
	tadj
}
 

STATE { n }

INITIAL { 
	trates(v)
	n = ninf
}

BREAKPOINT {
        SOLVE states
	gk = tadj*gbar*n
	ik = (1e-4) * gk * (v - ek)
} 

LOCAL nexp

PROCEDURE states() {   :Computes state variable n 
        trates(v)      :             at the current v and dt.
        n = n + nexp*(ninf-n)
        VERBATIM
        return 0;
        ENDVERBATIM
}

PROCEDURE trates(v) {  :Computes rate and other constants at current v.
                      :Call once from HOC to initialize inf at resting v.
        LOCAL tinc
        TABLE ninf, nexp
	DEPEND dt, celsius, temp, Ra, Rb, tha, qa
	
	FROM vmin TO vmax WITH 199

	rates(v): not consistently executed from here if usetable_hh == 1

        tadj = q10^((celsius - temp)/10)

        tinc = -dt * tadj
        nexp = 1 - exp(tinc/ntau)
}


PROCEDURE rates(v) {  :Computes rate and other constants at current v.
                      :Call once from HOC to initialize inf at resting v.

        a = Ra * (v - tha) / (1 - exp(-(v - tha)/qa))
        b = -Rb * (v - tha) / (1 - exp((v - tha)/qa))
        ntau = 1/(a+b)
	ninf = a*ntau
}