Model of arrhythmias in a cardiac cells network (Casaleggio et al. 2014)

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Accession:150691
" ... Here we explore the possible processes leading to the occasional onset and termination of the (usually) non-fatal arrhythmias widely observed in the heart. Using a computational model of a two-dimensional network of cardiac cells, we tested the hypothesis that an ischemia alters the properties of the gap junctions inside the ischemic area. ... In conclusion, our model strongly supports the hypothesis that non-fatal arrhythmias can develop from post-ischemic alteration of the electrical connectivity in a relatively small area of the cardiac cell network, and suggests experimentally testable predictions on their possible treatments."
Reference:
1 . Casaleggio A, Hines ML, Migliore M (2014) Computational model of erratic arrhythmias in a cardiac cell network: the role of gap junctions. PLoS One 9:e100288 [PubMed]
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Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Realistic Network; Neuron or other electrically excitable cell;
Brain Region(s)/Organism:
Cell Type(s): Cardiac ventricular cell;
Channel(s): I K; I Sodium; I Calcium; I Potassium;
Gap Junctions: Gap junctions;
Receptor(s):
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: NEURON;
Model Concept(s): Spatio-temporal Activity Patterns; Detailed Neuronal Models; Action Potentials; Heart disease; Conductance distributions;
Implementer(s): Hines, Michael [Michael.Hines at Yale.edu]; Migliore, Michele [Michele.Migliore at Yale.edu];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  I K; I Sodium; I Calcium; I Potassium;
{load_file("gidfunc.hoc")}
{load_file("distrib.hoc")}
{load_file("cell.hoc")}

objref cells

proc setgid() {local i, gid
	for pcitr(&gid, &i) {
		pc.set_gid2node(gid, pc.id)
	}
}
setgid()

cells = new List()
proc mkcells() {local i, gid  localobj cell, nc, nil
	for pcitr(&gid, &i) {
		cell = new Cell()
		cell.position((cell.soma.L+5)*gid2ix(gid), (cell.soma.diam+5)*gid2iy(gid), 0)
		cells.append(cell)
		nc = cell.connect2target(nil)
		pc.cell(gid, nc)
	}
}
mkcells()

// we added objref gaps[4] to Cell to hold its four gap junctions. The order
// 0,1,2,3 is right, up, left, down

// Gaps can be both rectifying and randomly change conductance
// parameters. Because of rectification, HalfGaps need to know their
// polarity since the voltage sensitive conductance depends on the
// voltage relative to the - side. ie. for both sides, voltage is positive
// if v(+side) - v(-side) is positive. If HalfGap.id > 0 then that is the
// +side. Because of randomness, and because it is necessary that
// corresponding HalfGap have identical conductance at all times. Both
// HalfGap sides must use a Random generator which produces the same
// stream of random numbers. We use abs(HalfGap.id) to
// specify the Random123 stream index. Right, up HalfGaps
// are defined to be -side (negative id) and Left, down HalfGaps are
// +side (positive id). Left,Up ids are (1 + 2*gid) and (1 + 2*gid+1)
// where gid is the gid of the cell of the other side of the gap.
// Right, up HalfGaps are -(1 + 2*gid) and -(1 + 2*gid+1) where gid is the
// gid of this cell. These ids also allow us
// to efficiently test that conductance on both sides of a gap are identical.

func gapid() {
	if ($1 >= 0) {
		return 1 + 2*$1 + $2
	}else{
		return 0 // will not be creating a gap for this id.
	}
}

proc mkgaps() {local i, gid, ix, iy, sgid  localobj cell, r
	r = new Random()
	r.Random123_globalindex(ran_global)
	if (pc.id == 0) printf("ran123 global index %d\n", r.Random123_globalindex())
	for pcitr(&gid, &i) {
		cell = pc.gid2cell(gid)
	  cell.soma {
		ix = gid2ix(gid)
		iy = gid2iy(gid)
		sgid = gapsrcgid(ix, iy)
		if (sgid > -1) {// check not needed
			pc.source_var(&cell.soma.v(.5), sgid)
		}
		sgid = gapsrcgid(ix+1, iy)
		mkgap(cell, 0, sgid, -gapid(gid, 0))
		sgid = gapsrcgid(ix, iy+1)
		mkgap(cell, 1, sgid, -gapid(gid, 1))
		sgid = gapsrcgid(ix-1, iy)
		mkgap(cell, 2, sgid, gapid(sgid, 0))
		sgid = gapsrcgid(ix, iy-1)
		mkgap(cell, 3, sgid, gapid(sgid, 1))
	  }
	}
	setallgap(ggap, gsd, drift)
	pc.setup_transfer()
}
proc mkgap() {localobj gap, r
	if ($3 > -1) {
	    if (use_halfgapspk) {
		gap = new HalfGapSpk(.5)
	    }else{
		gap = new HalfGap(.5)
	    }
		$o1.gaps[$2] = gap
		pc.target_var(gap, &gap.vgap, $3)
		gap.id = $4
		r = new Random()
		$o1.rand[$2] = r
		r.Random123(abs($4), 0)
		r.normal(1, 1)
		gap.setRandom(r)
	}
}
proc setallgap() {local gid, i, j  localobj cell, nil
	for pcitr(&gid, &i) {
		cell = pc.gid2cell(gid)
		for j=0, 3 if (cell.gaps[j] != nil) {
			cell.gaps[j].meang = $1
			cell.gaps[j].gmax = $1
			cell.gaps[j].gmin = $1
			cell.gaps[j].g = $1
			cell.gaps[j].rg = $2
			cell.gaps[j].drift=$3
		}
	}
}

objref _nclist
_nclist = new List()

proc setup_halfgapspk() {local gid, i, j, spkgid  localobj cell, nil, nc
	if (!use_halfgapspk) { return }
	for pcitr(&gid, &i) {
		pc.threshold(gid, -20)
		cell = pc.gid2cell(gid)
		for j=0, 3 if (cell.gaps[j] != nil) if (cell.gaps[j].rg > 0) {
			spkgid = gapspkgid(gid, j)
			if (spkgid > -1) {
				nc = pc.gid_connect(spkgid, cell.gaps[j])
				_nclist.append(nc)
			}
		}
	}
}

// 9 args are (i,j) position, direction (0,1,2,3 means 
// right, bottom, left, top),  gmin,gmax conductance (nS),
// variance of gmax, mean time to change gmax, variance of the time, drift.
// Note that if gmin is 0 it will stay at 0, otherwise it will track gmax.
// Typically, the direction will be 0 or 1, and 2, 3 will be set automatically.
proc setgap() {local i, j, dir
	sethalfgap($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9)
	i=$1
	j=$2
	if ($3 == 0)       { i += 1  dir=2
	}else if ($3 == 1) { j += 1  dir=3
	}else if ($3 == 2) { i -= 1  dir=0
	}else              { j -= 1  dir=1 }
	sethalfgap(i, j, dir, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9)
}

proc sethalfgap() {local gid  localobj cell, nil, gap
printf("sethalfgap %d %d %d %g %g %g %g %g %g\n", $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9)
	gid = gapsrcgid($1, $2)
	if (pc.gid_exists(gid)) {
		cell = pc.gid2cell(gid)
		gap = cell.gaps[$3]
		if (gap != nil) {
			gap.gmin = $4
			gap.gmax = $5
			gap.meang = $5
			gap.rg = $6
			gap.meant = $7
			gap.rt = $8
			gap.drift = $9
		}
	}
}

// print the gap conductances of cell i,j
proc pgap() {local gid, dir  localobj cell, nil
	gid = gapsrcgid($1, $2)
	if (pc.gid_exists(gid)) {
		cell = pc.gid2cell(gid)
		for dir=0, 3 {
			if (cell.gaps[dir] != nil) {
  printf("%d gap %d %d %d %g +/- %g\n", pc.id, $1, $2, dir, cell.gaps[dir].g, cell.gaps[dir].rg)
			}else{
  printf("%d gap %d %d %d ---\n", pc.id, $1, $2, dir)
			}
		}
	}
}

proc mygap() {local gid, dir  localobj cell, nil
	gid = gapsrcgid($1, $2)
	if (pc.gid_exists(gid)) {
		cell = pc.gid2cell(gid)
			if (cell.gaps[$3] != nil) {
			cell.gaps[$3].g=$4
			cell.gaps[$3].gmax=$4
			cell.gaps[$3].gmin=$4
			cell.gaps[$3].meang=$4
			cell.gaps[$3].rg=$5
			cell.gaps[$3].drift=$6
			cell.gaps[$3].meant=$7
			cell.gaps[$3].rt=$8
if (abs(cell.gaps[$3].id) == 744) {
  print cell.gaps[$3].id, " mygap ", $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8
}
		}
	}
}


mkgaps()