A 1000 cell network model for Lateral Amygdala (Kim et al. 2013)

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Accession:150288
1000 Cell Lateral Amygdala model for investigation of plasticity and memory storage during Pavlovian Conditioning.
Reference:
1 . Kim D, Paré D, Nair SS (2013) Mechanisms contributing to the induction and storage of Pavlovian fear memories in the lateral amygdala. Learn Mem 20:421-30 [PubMed]
Citations  Citation Browser
Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Realistic Network; Neuron or other electrically excitable cell; Synapse; Dendrite;
Brain Region(s)/Organism: Amygdala;
Cell Type(s): Hippocampus CA1 pyramidal GLU cell; Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal GLU cell; Hodgkin-Huxley neuron;
Channel(s): I Na,t; I L high threshold; I A; I M; I Sodium; I Calcium; I Potassium; I_AHP; Ca pump;
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s): AMPA; NMDA; Gaba; Dopaminergic Receptor;
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s): Dopamine; Norephinephrine;
Simulation Environment: NEURON;
Model Concept(s): Synaptic Plasticity; Short-term Synaptic Plasticity; Long-term Synaptic Plasticity; Learning; Neuromodulation;
Implementer(s): Kim, Dongbeom [dk258 at mail.missouri.edu];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  Hippocampus CA1 pyramidal GLU cell; Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal GLU cell; AMPA; NMDA; Gaba; Dopaminergic Receptor; I Na,t; I L high threshold; I A; I M; I Sodium; I Calcium; I Potassium; I_AHP; Ca pump; Dopamine; Norephinephrine;
/
KimEtAl2013
README.txt
bg2inter.mod
bg2pyr.mod
ca.mod *
cadyn.mod
cal2.mod *
capool.mod *
function_TMonitor.mod *
h.mod *
im.mod
interD2pyrD_STFD.mod
interD2pyrDDA_STFD.mod
interD2pyrDDANE_STFD.mod
interD2pyrDNE_STFD.mod
interD2pyrV_STFD.mod
interD2pyrVDA_STFD.mod
interV2pyrD_STFD.mod
interV2pyrDDA_STFD.mod
interV2pyrDDANE_STFD.mod
interV2pyrDNE_STFD.mod
interV2pyrV_STFD.mod
interV2pyrVDA_STFD.mod
kadist.mod *
kaprox.mod
kdrca1.mod
kdrca1DA.mod
kdrinter.mod *
leak.mod *
leakDA.mod *
leakinter.mod *
na3.mod
na3DA.mod
nainter.mod *
pyrD2interD_STFD.mod
pyrD2interV_STFD.mod
pyrD2pyrD_STFD.mod
pyrD2pyrDDA_STFD.mod
pyrD2pyrV_STFD.mod
pyrD2pyrVDA_STFD.mod
pyrV2interD_STFD.mod
pyrV2interV_STFD.mod
pyrV2pyrD_STFD.mod
pyrV2pyrDDA_STFD.mod
pyrV2pyrV_STFD.mod
pyrV2pyrVDA_STFD.mod
sahp.mod
sahpNE.mod
shock2interD.mod
shock2interV.mod
shock2pyrD.mod
shock2pyrV.mod
tone2interD.mod
tone2interDNE.mod
tone2interV.mod
tone2interVNE.mod
tone2pyrD.mod
tone2pyrD_LAdv.mod
tone2pyrDNE.mod
tone2pyrDNE_LAdv.mod
tone2pyrV.mod
tone2pyrV_LAdd.mod
tone2pyrVNE.mod
tone2pyrVNE_LAdd.mod
BgGen.hoc
Cell_list.txt
Cell_type.txt
function_ConnectInternal.hoc
function_ConnectTwoCells.hoc
function_NetStimOR.hoc *
function_TimeMonitor.hoc *
function_ToneGen.hoc
function_ToneSignalGen_Ctx.hoc
function_ToneSignalGen_Th.hoc
interneuron_template.hoc
LA_model_main_file.hoc
LAcells_template.hoc
NM.txt
shock2Idd.txt
shock2Idv.txt
shock2LAdd.txt
shock2LAdv.txt
shockcondi.hoc
Syn_Matrix.txt
tone2Idd.txt
tone2Idd2.txt
tone2Idv.txt
tone2Idv2.txt
tone2LAdd.txt
tone2LAdd2.txt
tone2LAdv.txt
tone2LAdv2.txt
                            
// Create by D. Kim in 2012 
// pyramidal Cells template

/////////////////////////////
///// Type A cell in LA /////
/////////////////////////////

begintemplate Cell_A
	public soma, dend, p_dend, connect2target, type
	create soma, dend, p_dend

	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	
		
	proc init() {	
	
		ncl = new List()
		synlist =new List()		
		type = "Cell_A"	

		gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
		Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
		SpineScale = 1.76371308
		SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
		Cm = 1.4
		RaAll= 200
		RaSoma= 146.969697 
		RaAxIs = 100
		Vpas = -70 // -67
		gna =  .03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
		AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
		gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
		KMULT =  0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		KMULTP = 0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		ghd=0.000003 *.7
		nash=10
		Vrest = -70
		celsius = 31.0 
		gsAHP = 0.008//0.03
		GmC = 0.00055//0.062//0.07
		Diameter = 5
		
		/////// topology ////////
		create soma, dend
		connect dend(0), soma(0)
		connect p_dend(0), soma(1)
		
		/////// geometry ////////
		soma {L = 25 diam = 24.75 nseg = 1}		//{L = 20 diam = 20 nseg = 13}
		dend {diam=2.5 L=296.25/diam nseg=1}
		p_dend {diam = Diameter L = 2000/diam nseg=1} //
		
		access soma
		
		forall {
				insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 2e-4  eca = 120
		}
		p_dend {
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = 2.4444e-5*3 Ra=RaAll cm=Cm*1.98285453
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3=gna
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = 0.4*gsAHP
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC
				v=Vrest
		}		
		soma {	
				insert na3  gbar_na3=1.9798*gna sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1				
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kap gkabar_kap = KMULTP*0.1
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC	
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = 1/Rm Ra=RaSoma cm=Cm		
		}	
		
		dend {  // need to add Spine Scale
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = SpineScale_leak*1/Rm*1.5 Ra=RaAll  cm=Cm*SpineScale     //1.9804/Rm	
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3=gna
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = gsAHP 
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC		
				}

		forall {
			v=Vrest
			ena = 45
			ek = -80
			if (ismembrane("kdr") || ismembrane("kap") || ismembrane("kad")) {ek=-80}
			if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50
			}
		
	}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}	
endtemplate Cell_A

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

begintemplate Cell_ADA
	public soma, dend, p_dend, connect2target, type
	create soma, dend, p_dend

	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	
		
	proc init() {	
	
		ncl = new List()
		synlist =new List()		
		type = "Cell_ADA"	

		gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
		Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
		SpineScale = 1.76371308
		SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
		Cm = 1.4 
		RaAll= 200
		RaSoma= 146.969697 
		RaAxIs = 100
		Vpas = -70 
		gna =  .03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
		AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
		gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
		KMULT =  0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		KMULTP = 0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		ghd=0.000003 *.7
		nash=10
		Vrest = -70
		celsius = 31.0 
		gsAHP = 0.008//0.03
		GmC = 0.00055//0.062//0.07
		Diameter = 5
		
		/////// topology ////////
		create soma, dend
		connect dend(0), soma(0)
		connect p_dend(0), soma(1)
		
		/////// geometry ////////
		soma {L = 25 diam = 24.75 nseg = 1}		//{L = 20 diam = 20 nseg = 13}
		dend {diam=2.5 L=296.25/diam nseg=1}
		p_dend {diam = Diameter L = 2000/diam nseg=1} //
		
		access soma
		
		forall {
				insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 2e-4  eca = 120
		}
		p_dend {
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = 2.4444e-5*3 Ra=RaAll cm=Cm*1.98285453
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA=gna
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = 0.4*gsAHP
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC
				v=Vrest
		}		
		soma {	
				insert na3DA  gbar_na3DA=1.9798*gna sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1				
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kap gkabar_kap = KMULTP*0.1
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC	
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = 1/Rm Ra=RaSoma cm=Cm		
		}	
		
		dend {  // need to add Spine Scale
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = SpineScale_leak*1/Rm*1.5 Ra=RaAll  cm=Cm*SpineScale     //1.9804/Rm	
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA=gna
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = gsAHP 
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC		
				}

		forall {
			v=Vrest
			ena = 45
			ek = -80
			if (ismembrane("kdrDA") || ismembrane("kap") || ismembrane("kad")) {ek=-80}
			if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50
			}
		
	}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}	
endtemplate Cell_ADA

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
begintemplate Cell_ANE
	public soma, dend, p_dend, connect2target, type
	create soma, dend, p_dend

	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	
		
	proc init() {	
	
		ncl = new List()
		synlist =new List()		
		type = "Cell_ANE"	

		gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
		Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
		SpineScale = 1.76371308
		SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
		Cm = 1.4
		RaAll= 200
		RaSoma= 146.969697 
		RaAxIs = 100
		Vpas = -70 // -67
		gna =  .03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
		AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
		gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
		KMULT =  0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		KMULTP = 0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		ghd=0.000003 *.7
		nash=10
		Vrest = -70
		celsius = 31.0 
		gsAHP = 0.008//0.03
		GmC = 0.00055//0.062//0.07
		Diameter = 5
		
		/////// topology ////////
		create soma, dend
		connect dend(0), soma(0)
		connect p_dend(0), soma(1)
		
		/////// geometry ////////
		soma {L = 25 diam = 24.75 nseg = 1}		//{L = 20 diam = 20 nseg = 13}
		dend {diam=2.5 L=296.25/diam nseg=1}
		p_dend {diam = Diameter L = 2000/diam nseg=1} //
		
		access soma
		distance()
		
		forall {
				insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 2e-4  eca = 120
		}
		p_dend {
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = 2.4444e-5*3 Ra=RaAll cm=Cm*1.98285453
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3=gna
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = 0.4*gsAHP 
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC
				v=Vrest
		}		
		soma {	
				insert na3  gbar_na3=1.9798*gna sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1				
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kap gkabar_kap = KMULTP*0.1
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC	
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = 1/Rm Ra=RaSoma cm=Cm		
		}	
		
		dend {  // need to add Spine Scale
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = SpineScale_leak*1/Rm*1.5 Ra=RaAll  cm=Cm*SpineScale     //1.9804/Rm	
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3=gna
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = gsAHP 
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC		
				}

		forall {
			v=Vrest
			ena = 45
			ek = -80
			if (ismembrane("kdr") || ismembrane("kap") || ismembrane("kad")) {ek=-80}
			if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50
			}
		
	}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}	
endtemplate Cell_ANE

//////////////////////////////////////////////////

begintemplate Cell_ADANE
	public soma, dend, p_dend, connect2target, type
	create soma, dend, p_dend

	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	
		
	proc init() {	
	
		ncl = new List()
		synlist =new List()		
		type = "Cell_ADANE"	

		gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
		Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
		SpineScale = 1.76371308
		SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
		Cm = 1.4
		RaAll= 200
		RaSoma= 146.969697 
		RaAxIs = 100
		Vpas = -70 // -67
		gna =  .03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
		AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
		gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
		KMULT =  0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		KMULTP = 0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		ghd=0.000003 *.7
		nash=10
		Vrest = -70
		celsius = 31.0 
		gsAHP = 0.008//0.03
		GmC = 0.00055//0.062//0.07
		Diameter = 5
		
		/////// topology ////////
		create soma, dend
		connect dend(0), soma(0)
		connect p_dend(0), soma(1)
		
		/////// geometry ////////
		soma {L = 25 diam = 24.75 nseg = 1}		//{L = 20 diam = 20 nseg = 13}
		dend {diam=2.5 L=296.25/diam nseg=1}
		p_dend {diam = Diameter L = 2000/diam nseg=1} //
		
		access soma
		
		forall {
				insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 2e-4  eca = 120
		}
		p_dend {
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = 2.4444e-5*3 Ra=RaAll cm=Cm*1.98285453
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA=gna
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = 0.4*gsAHP 
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC
				v=Vrest
		}		
		soma {	
				insert na3DA  gbar_na3DA=1.9798*gna sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1				
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kap gkabar_kap = KMULTP*0.1
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC	
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = 1/Rm Ra=RaSoma cm=Cm		
		}	
		
		dend {  // need to add Spine Scale
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = SpineScale_leak*1/Rm*1.5 Ra=RaAll  cm=Cm*SpineScale     //1.9804/Rm	
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA=gna
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = gsAHP 
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC		
				}

		forall {
			v=Vrest
			ena = 45
			ek = -80
			if (ismembrane("kdrDA") || ismembrane("kap") || ismembrane("kad")) {ek=-80}
			if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50
			}
		
	}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}	
endtemplate Cell_ADANE

/////////////////////////////
///// Type B cell in LA /////
/////////////////////////////
begintemplate Cell_B
	public soma, dend, p_dend, connect2target, type
	create soma, dend, p_dend

	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	
		
	proc init() {	
	
		ncl = new List()
		synlist =new List()		
		type = "Cell_B"	

		gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
		Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
		SpineScale = 1.76371308
		SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
		Cm = 1.4 
		RaAll= 200
		RaSoma= 146.969697 
		RaAxIs = 100
		Vpas = -70 // -67
		gna =  .03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
		AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
		gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
		KMULT =  0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		KMULTP = 0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		ghd=0.000003 *.7
		nash=10
		Vrest = -70
		celsius = 31.0 
		gsAHP = 0.00045
		GmC = 0.00039
		Diameter = 5
		
		/////// topology ////////
		create soma, dend
		connect dend(0), soma(0)
		connect p_dend(0), soma(1)
		
		/////// geometry ////////
		soma {L = 25 diam = 24.75 nseg = 1}		//{L = 20 diam = 20 nseg = 13}
		dend {diam=2.5 L=296.25/diam nseg=1}
		p_dend {diam = Diameter L = 2000/diam nseg=1} //
		
		access soma
		distance()
		
		forall {
				insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 2e-4  eca = 120
		}
		p_dend {
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = 2.4444e-5*3 Ra=RaAll cm=Cm*1.98285453
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3=gna
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1 			
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = 0.4*gsAHP 
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC
				v=Vrest
		}		
		soma {	
				//insert hd ghdbar_hd=1.35758E-07	vhalfl_hd=-73 
				insert na3  gbar_na3=1.9798*gna sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1				
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kap gkabar_kap = KMULTP*0.1
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC	
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = 1/Rm Ra=RaSoma cm=Cm		
		}	
		
		dend {  // need to add Spine Scale
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = SpineScale_leak*1/Rm*1.5 Ra=RaAll  cm=Cm*SpineScale     
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3=gna
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = gsAHP 
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC		
				}

		forall {
			v=Vrest
			ena = 45
			ek = -80
			if (ismembrane("kdr") || ismembrane("kap") || ismembrane("kad")) {ek=-80}
			if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50
			}
		
	}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}		
endtemplate Cell_B

////////////////////////////////////////////////

begintemplate Cell_BDA
	public soma, dend, p_dend, connect2target, type
	create soma, dend, p_dend

	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	
		
	proc init() {	
	
		ncl = new List()
		synlist =new List()		
		type = "Cell_BDA"	

		gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
		Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
		SpineScale = 1.76371308
		SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
		Cm = 1.4 
		RaAll= 200
		RaSoma= 146.969697 
		RaAxIs = 100
		Vpas = -70 
		gna =  .03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
		AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
		gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
		KMULT =  0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		KMULTP = 0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		ghd=0.000003 *.7
		nash=10
		Vrest = -70
		celsius = 31.0 
		gsAHP = 0.00045
		GmC = 0.00039
		Diameter = 5
		
		/////// topology ////////
		create soma, dend
		connect dend(0), soma(0)
		connect p_dend(0), soma(1)
		
		/////// geometry ////////
		soma {L = 25 diam = 24.75 nseg = 1}		//{L = 20 diam = 20 nseg = 13}
		dend {diam=2.5 L=296.25/diam nseg=1}
		p_dend {diam = Diameter L = 2000/diam nseg=1} //
		
		access soma
		distance()
		
		forall {
				insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 2e-4  eca = 120
		}
		p_dend {
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = 2.4444e-5*3 Ra=RaAll cm=Cm*1.98285453
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA=gna
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = 0.4*gsAHP
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC
				v=Vrest
		}		
		soma {	
				insert na3DA  gbar_na3DA=1.9798*gna sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1				
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kap gkabar_kap = KMULTP*0.1
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC	
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = 1/Rm Ra=RaSoma cm=Cm		
		}	
		
		dend {  // need to add Spine Scale
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = SpineScale_leak*1/Rm*1.5 Ra=RaAll  cm=Cm*SpineScale     //1.9804/Rm	
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA=gna
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = gsAHP //2.3181e-05
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC		
				}

		forall {
			v=Vrest
			ena = 45
			ek = -80
			if (ismembrane("kdrDA") || ismembrane("kap") || ismembrane("kad")) {ek=-80}
			if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50
			}
		
	}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}		
endtemplate Cell_BDA

//////////////////////////////////////////////////

begintemplate Cell_BNE
	public soma, dend, p_dend, connect2target, type
	create soma, dend, p_dend

	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	
		
	proc init() {	
	
		ncl = new List()
		synlist =new List()		
		type = "Cell_BNE"	

		gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
		Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
		SpineScale = 1.76371308
		SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
		Cm = 1.4 
		RaAll= 200
		RaSoma= 146.969697 
		RaAxIs = 100
		Vpas = -70 
		gna =  .03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
		AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
		gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
		KMULT =  0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		KMULTP = 0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		ghd=0.000003 *.7
		nash=10
		Vrest = -70
		celsius = 31.0 
		gsAHP = 0.00045
		GmC = 0.00039
		Diameter = 5
		
		/////// topology ////////
		create soma, dend
		connect dend(0), soma(0)
		connect p_dend(0), soma(1)
		
		/////// geometry ////////
		soma {L = 25 diam = 24.75 nseg = 1}		//{L = 20 diam = 20 nseg = 13}
		dend {diam=2.5 L=296.25/diam nseg=1}
		p_dend {diam = Diameter L = 2000/diam nseg=1} //
		
		access soma
		distance()
		
		forall {
				insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 2e-4  eca = 120
		}
		p_dend {
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = 2.4444e-5*3 Ra=RaAll cm=Cm*1.98285453
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3=gna
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = 0.4*gsAHP //0.008968224 //0.00015 //2.3181e-05
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC
				v=Vrest
		}		
		soma {	
				insert na3  gbar_na3=1.9798*gna sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1				
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kap gkabar_kap = KMULTP*0.1
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC	
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = 1/Rm Ra=RaSoma cm=Cm		
		}	
		
		dend {  // need to add Spine Scale
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = SpineScale_leak*1/Rm*1.5 Ra=RaAll  cm=Cm*SpineScale     //1.9804/Rm	
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3=gna
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = gsAHP //2.3181e-05
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC		
				}

		forall {
			v=Vrest
			ena = 45
			ek = -80
			if (ismembrane("kdr") || ismembrane("kap") || ismembrane("kad")) {ek=-80}
			if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50
			}
		
	}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}		
endtemplate Cell_BNE

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

begintemplate Cell_BDANE
	public soma, dend, p_dend, connect2target, type
	create soma, dend, p_dend

	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	
		
	proc init() {	
	
		ncl = new List()
		synlist =new List()		
		type = "Cell_BDANE"		

		gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
		Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
		SpineScale = 1.76371308
		SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
		Cm = 1.4
		RaAll= 200
		RaSoma= 146.969697 
		RaAxIs = 100
		Vpas = -70 // -67
		gna =  .03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
		AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
		gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
		KMULT =  0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		KMULTP = 0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		ghd=0.000003 *.7
		nash=10
		Vrest = -70
		celsius = 31.0 
		gsAHP = 0.00045
		GmC = 0.00039
		Diameter = 5
		
		/////// topology ////////
		create soma, dend
		connect dend(0), soma(0)
		connect p_dend(0), soma(1)
		
		/////// geometry ////////
		soma {L = 25 diam = 24.75 nseg = 1}		//{L = 20 diam = 20 nseg = 13}
		dend {diam=2.5 L=296.25/diam nseg=1}
		p_dend {diam = Diameter L = 2000/diam nseg=1} //
		
		access soma
		distance()
		
		forall {
				insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 2e-4  eca = 120
		}
		p_dend {
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = 2.4444e-5*3 Ra=RaAll cm=Cm*1.98285453
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA=gna
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = 0.4*gsAHP //0.008968224 //0.00015 //2.3181e-05
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC
				v=Vrest
		}		
		soma {	
				insert na3DA  gbar_na3DA=1.9798*gna sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1				
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kap gkabar_kap = KMULTP*0.1
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC	
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = 1/Rm Ra=RaSoma cm=Cm		
		}	
		
		dend {  // need to add Spine Scale
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = SpineScale_leak*1/Rm*1.5 Ra=RaAll  cm=Cm*SpineScale     //1.9804/Rm	
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA=gna
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = gsAHP //2.3181e-05
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC		
				}

		forall {
			v=Vrest
			ena = 45
			ek = -80
			if (ismembrane("kdrDA") || ismembrane("kap") || ismembrane("kad")) {ek=-80}
			if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50
			}
		
	}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}		
endtemplate Cell_BDANE

/////////////////////////////
///// Type C cell in LA /////
/////////////////////////////

begintemplate Cell_C
	public soma, dend, p_dend, connect2target, type
	create soma, dend, p_dend

	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	
		
	proc init() {	
	
		ncl = new List()
		synlist =new List()		
		type = "Cell_C"	

		gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
		Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
		SpineScale = 1.76371308
		SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
		Cm = 1.4
		RaAll= 200
		RaSoma= 146.969697 
		RaAxIs = 100
		Vpas = -70 // -67
		gna =  .03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
		AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
		gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
		KMULT =  0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		KMULTP = 0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		ghd=0.000003 *.7
		nash=10
		Vrest = -70
		celsius = 31.0 
		gsAHP = 0.00036//0.03
		GmC = 0.0004//0.062//0.07
		Diameter = 5
		
		/////// topology ////////
		create soma, dend
		connect dend(0), soma(0)
		connect p_dend(0), soma(1)
		
		/////// geometry ////////
		soma {L = 25 diam = 24.75 nseg = 1}		//{L = 20 diam = 20 nseg = 13}
		dend {diam=2.5 L=296.25/diam nseg=1}
		p_dend {diam = Diameter L = 2000/diam nseg=1} //
		
		access soma
		distance()
		
		forall {
				insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 2e-4  eca = 120
		}
		p_dend {
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = 2.4444e-5*3 Ra=RaAll cm=Cm*1.98285453
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3=gna
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = 0.4*gsAHP
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC
				v=Vrest
		}		
		soma {	
				insert na3  gbar_na3=1.9798*gna sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1				
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kap gkabar_kap = KMULTP*0.1
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC	
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = 1/Rm Ra=RaSoma cm=Cm		
		}	
		
		dend {  // need to add Spine Scale
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = SpineScale_leak*1/Rm*1.5 Ra=RaAll  cm=Cm*SpineScale     //1.9804/Rm	
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3=gna
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = gsAHP //2.3181e-05
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC		
				}

		forall {
			v=Vrest
			ena = 45
			ek = -80
			if (ismembrane("kdr") || ismembrane("kap") || ismembrane("kad")) {ek=-80}
			if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50
			}
		
	}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}	
endtemplate Cell_C

/////////////////////////////////////////////////

begintemplate Cell_CDA
	public soma, dend, p_dend, connect2target, type
	create soma, dend, p_dend

	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	
		
	proc init() {	
	
		ncl = new List()
		synlist =new List()		
		type = "Cell_CDA"	

		gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
		Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
		SpineScale = 1.76371308
		SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
		Cm = 1.4
		RaAll= 200
		RaSoma= 146.969697 
		RaAxIs = 100
		Vpas = -70 // -67
		gna =  .03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
		AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
		gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
		KMULT =  0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		KMULTP = 0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		ghd=0.000003 *.7
		nash=10
		Vrest = -70
		celsius = 31.0 
		gsAHP = 0.00036//0.03
		GmC = 0.0004//0.062//0.07
		Diameter = 5
		
		/////// topology ////////
		create soma, dend
		connect dend(0), soma(0)
		connect p_dend(0), soma(1)
		
		/////// geometry ////////
		soma {L = 25 diam = 24.75 nseg = 1}		//{L = 20 diam = 20 nseg = 13}
		dend {diam=2.5 L=296.25/diam nseg=1}
		p_dend {diam = Diameter L = 2000/diam nseg=1} //
		
		access soma
		distance()
		
		forall {
				insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 2e-4  eca = 120
		}
		p_dend {
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = 2.4444e-5*3 Ra=RaAll cm=Cm*1.98285453
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA=gna
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = 0.4*gsAHP

				insert im gmbar_im = GmC
				v=Vrest
		}		
		soma {	
				//insert hd ghdbar_hd=1.35758E-07	vhalfl_hd=-73 // changed from - 73 mV 
				insert na3DA  gbar_na3DA=1.9798*gna sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1				
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kap gkabar_kap = KMULTP*0.1
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC	
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = 1/Rm Ra=RaSoma cm=Cm		
		}	
		
		dend {  // need to add Spine Scale
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = SpineScale_leak*1/Rm*1.5 Ra=RaAll  cm=Cm*SpineScale     //1.9804/Rm	
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA=gna
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = gsAHP //2.3181e-05
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC		
				}

		forall {
			v=Vrest
			ena = 45
			ek = -80
			if (ismembrane("kdrDA") || ismembrane("kap") || ismembrane("kad")) {ek=-80}
			if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50
			}
		
	}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}	
endtemplate Cell_CDA

/////////////////////////////////////////////////

begintemplate Cell_CNE
	public soma, dend, p_dend, connect2target, type
	create soma, dend, p_dend

	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	
		
	proc init() {	
	
		ncl = new List()
		synlist =new List()		
		type = "Cell_CNE"	

		gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
		Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
		SpineScale = 1.76371308
		SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
		Cm = 1.4
		RaAll= 200
		RaSoma= 146.969697 
		RaAxIs = 100
		Vpas = -70 // -67
		gna =  .03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
		AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
		gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
		KMULT =  0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		KMULTP = 0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		ghd=0.000003 *.7
		nash=10
		Vrest = -70
		celsius = 31.0 
		gsAHP = 0.00036//0.03
		GmC = 0.0004//0.062//0.07
		Diameter = 5
		
		/////// topology ////////
		create soma, dend
		connect dend(0), soma(0)
		connect p_dend(0), soma(1)
		
		/////// geometry ////////
		soma {L = 25 diam = 24.75 nseg = 1}		//{L = 20 diam = 20 nseg = 13}
		dend {diam=2.5 L=296.25/diam nseg=1}
		p_dend {diam = Diameter L = 2000/diam nseg=1} //
		
		access soma
		distance()
		
		forall {
				insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 2e-4  eca = 120
				//insert cal gcalbar_cal = 0.005 /*decreased from 0.003 */
		}
		p_dend {
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = 2.4444e-5*3 Ra=RaAll cm=Cm*1.98285453
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3=gna
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = 0.4*gsAHP 
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC
				v=Vrest
		}		
		soma {	
				//insert hd ghdbar_hd=1.35758E-07	vhalfl_hd=-73 // changed from - 73 mV 
				insert na3  gbar_na3=1.9798*gna sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1				
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kap gkabar_kap = KMULTP*0.1
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC	
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = 1/Rm Ra=RaSoma cm=Cm		
		}	
		
		dend {  // need to add Spine Scale
				insert leak el_leak=Vpas glbar_leak = SpineScale_leak*1/Rm*1.5 Ra=RaAll  cm=Cm*SpineScale     //1.9804/Rm	
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3=gna
				insert kdr gkdrbar_kdr=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = gsAHP 

				insert im gmbar_im = GmC		
				}

		forall {
			v=Vrest
			ena = 45
			ek = -80
			if (ismembrane("kdr") || ismembrane("kap") || ismembrane("kad")) {ek=-80}
			if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50
			}
		
	}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}	
endtemplate Cell_CNE

//////////////////////////////////////////////

begintemplate Cell_CDANE
	public soma, dend, p_dend, connect2target, type
	create soma, dend, p_dend

	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	
		
	proc init() {	
	
		ncl = new List()
		synlist =new List()		
		type = "Cell_CDANE"	

		gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
		Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
		SpineScale = 1.76371308
		SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
		Cm = 1.4
		RaAll= 200
		RaSoma= 146.969697 
		RaAxIs = 100
		Vpas = -70 // -67
		gna =  .03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
		AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
		gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
		KMULT =  0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		KMULTP = 0.022*.65 /* decreased from 0.022 */
		ghd=0.000003 *.7
		nash=10
		Vrest = -70
		celsius = 31.0 
		gsAHP = 0.00036//0.03
		GmC = 0.0004//0.062//0.07
		Diameter = 5
		
		/////// topology ////////
		create soma, dend
		connect dend(0), soma(0)
		connect p_dend(0), soma(1)
		
		/////// geometry ////////
		soma {L = 25 diam = 24.75 nseg = 1}		//{L = 20 diam = 20 nseg = 13}
		dend {diam=2.5 L=296.25/diam nseg=1}
		p_dend {diam = Diameter L = 2000/diam nseg=1} //
		
		access soma
		distance()
		
		forall {
				insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 2e-4  eca = 120
				//insert cal gcalbar_cal = 0.005 /*decreased from 0.003 */
		}
		p_dend {
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = 2.4444e-5*3 Ra=RaAll cm=Cm*1.98285453
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA=gna
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = 0.4*gsAHP 
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC
				v=Vrest
		}		
		soma {	
				insert na3DA  gbar_na3DA=1.9798*gna sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1				
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kap gkabar_kap = KMULTP*0.1
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC	
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = 1/Rm Ra=RaSoma cm=Cm		
		}	
		
		dend {  // need to add Spine Scale
				insert leakDA el_leakDA=Vpas glbar_leakDA = SpineScale_leak*1/Rm*1.5 Ra=RaAll  cm=Cm*SpineScale     //1.9804/Rm	
				insert hd ghdbar_hd=2.85995e-05 vhalfl_hd=-78.72884325   //ghd
				insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA=gna
				insert kdrDA gkdrbar_kdrDA=gkdr
				insert kad gkabar_kad=0.031913796*0.1				
				insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05
				insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = gsAHP 
				insert im gmbar_im = GmC		
				}

		forall {
			v=Vrest
			ena = 45
			ek = -80
			if (ismembrane("kdrDA") || ismembrane("kap") || ismembrane("kad")) {ek=-80}
			if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50
			}
		
	}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}	
endtemplate Cell_CDANE