CA3 Network Model of Epileptic Activity (Sanjay et. al, 2015)

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Accession:186768
This computational study investigates how a CA3 neuronal network consisting of pyramidal cells, basket cells and OLM interneurons becomes epileptic when dendritic inhibition to pyramidal cells is impaired due to the dysfunction of OLM interneurons. After standardizing the baseline activity (theta-modulated gamma oscillations), systematic changes are made in the connectivities between the neurons, as a result of step-wise impairment of dendritic inhibition.
Reference:
1 . Sanjay M, Neymotin SA, Krothapalli SB (2015) Impaired dendritic inhibition leads to epileptic activity in a computer model of CA3. Hippocampus 25:1336-50 [PubMed]
Citations  Citation Browser
Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Realistic Network; Extracellular;
Brain Region(s)/Organism:
Cell Type(s): Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal GLU cell; Hippocampus CA3 interneuron basket GABA cell; Hippocampus CA3 stratum oriens lacunosum-moleculare interneuron;
Channel(s):
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s): GabaA; AMPA; NMDA;
Gene(s): HCN1; HCN2;
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: NEURON; Python;
Model Concept(s): Activity Patterns; Oscillations; Pathophysiology; Epilepsy; Brain Rhythms;
Implementer(s): Neymotin, Sam [Samuel.Neymotin at nki.rfmh.org]; Sanjay, M [msanjaycmc at gmail.com];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal GLU cell; Hippocampus CA3 interneuron basket GABA cell; GabaA; AMPA; NMDA;
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SanjayEtAl2015
readme.html
CA1ih.mod *
CA1ika.mod *
CA1ikdr.mod *
CA1ina.mod *
caolmw.mod *
capr.mod *
icaolmw.mod *
icapr.mod *
iholmkop.mod *
iholmw.mod *
ihpyrkop.mod *
kahppr.mod *
kaolmkop.mod *
kapyrkop.mod *
kcaolmw.mod *
kcpr.mod *
kdrbwb.mod *
kdrolmkop.mod *
kdrpr.mod *
kdrpyrkop.mod *
misc.mod *
MyExp2Syn.mod *
MyExp2SynAlpha.mod *
MyExp2SynBB.mod *
MyExp2SynNMDA.mod *
MyExp2SynNMDABB.mod *
nafbwb.mod *
nafolmkop.mod *
nafpr.mod *
nafpyrkop.mod *
stats.mod
vecst.mod *
wrap.mod *
aux_fun.inc *
declist.hoc *
decmat.hoc *
decnqs.hoc *
decvec.hoc *
default.hoc *
drline.hoc *
Epileptic Activity.png
geom.hoc *
geom.py *
grvec.hoc *
init.hoc *
labels.hoc *
local.hoc *
misc.h *
mosinit.py
network.py *
networkmsj.py
nqs.hoc *
nqs_utils.hoc *
nrnoc.hoc *
params.py
pyinit.py *
run.py
simctrl.hoc *
stats.hoc *
syncode.hoc *
xgetargs.hoc *
xtmp
                            
// $Id: nrnoc.hoc,v 1.74 2007/11/20 07:51:52 billl Exp $

proc nrnoc () {}

// Users should not edit nrnoc.hoc or default.hoc.  Any local 
// changes to these files should be made in local.hoc.

// key '*&*' is picked up by to indicate command for emacs
proc elisp () { printf("*&* %s\n",$s1) }
// if (not exists(simname)) { strdef simname, output_file, datestr, comment }

// Simctrl.hoc will automatically load stdgraph.hoc which automatically
// loads stdrun.hoc
strdef temp_string_, user_string_  // needed for simctrl
/* Global variable default values.  NOTE that stdrun.hoc, stdgraph.hoc
and simctrl.hoc all contain variable definitions and thus default.hoc
should be loaded after these files */
load_file("default.hoc")      /* Load default.hoc */

/* Allows arrays of strings */
objref hoc_obj_[2]
load_file("stdgui.hoc") // don't want to encounter other String tempate defs
load_file("simctrl.hoc")

proc run () {
  running_ = 1
  stdinit()
  continueRun(tstop)
  finish()
}

proc continueRun () { local rt, rtstart, ts
  if (numarg()==1) ts=$1 else ts=t+1e3
  realtime = 0  rt = screen_update_invl  rtstart = startsw()
  eventcount=0
  eventslow=1
  stoprun = 0
  if (using_cvode_) {
    if (cvode.use_local_dt || (cvode.current_method()%10) == 0) {
      cvode.solve(ts)
      flushPlot()
      realtime = startsw() - rtstart
      return
    }
  } else {
    ts -= dt/2
  }
  while (t<ts && stoprun==0) {
    step()
    realtime = startsw() - rtstart
    if (realtime >= rt) {
      //                        if (!stdrun_quiet) fastflushPlot()
      screen_update()
      //really compute for at least screen_update_invl
      realtime = startsw() - rtstart
      rt = realtime + screen_update_invl
    }
  }
  if (using_cvode_ && stoprun == 0) { // handle the "tstop" event
    step() // so all recordings take place at tstop
  }
  flushPlot()
  realtime = startsw() - rtstart
}

proc stdinit() {
        cvode_simgraph()
        realtime = 0
        setdt()
        init()
        initPlot()
}

proc init () {
  cvode_simgraph()
  initMech()
  initMisc1()

  // Initialize state vars then calculate currents
  // If user hand-set v in initMisc1() then v_init should be > 1000,
  // else all compartments will be set to v_init
  if (v_init < 1000) {
    finitialize(v_init)
  } else {
    finitialize()
  }

  // Set ca pump and leak channel for steady state
  setMemb()

  initMisc2()
  if (cvode_active()) cvode.re_init() else fcurrent()
  frecord_init()
}

// Initialization of mechanism variables
// NOTE: if any changes are made to the NEURON block of any local mod
// file, the user must add the necessary inits to initMisc1()
proc initMech () { 
  forall {
    if ((!ismembrane("pas")) && (!ismembrane("Passive"))) { 
      // Allow for either pas or Passive mod file usage
      // errorMsg("passive not inserted") 
    }

    if (ismembrane("na_ion")) { 
      nai = na_init
      nai0_na_ion = na_init
    }
    
    if (ismembrane("k_ion")) {
      ki = k_init
      ki0_k_ion = k_init
    }
    
    if (ismembrane("ca_ion")) { 
      cai = ca_init
      cai0_ca_ion = ca_init
    }
  }
}

//* setMemb complex -- multiple names for passive mech
//** declarations
iterator scase() { local i
  for i = 1, numarg() { temp_string_ = $si iterator_statement }}
objref paslist,pasvars[3],XO
double pasvals[2],x[1]
paslist = new List()
for ii=0,2 pasvars[ii]= new String()
for scase("fastpas","pas","Pass","Passive") paslist.append(new String(temp_string_))

//** getval(),setval() -- return/set the hoc value of a string
func retval () { return getval($s1) }
func getval () { 
  sprint(temp_string2_,"x=%s",$s1)
  execute(temp_string2_)
  return x
}
proc setval () { 
  sprint(temp_string2_,"%s=%g",$s1,$2)
  execute(temp_string2_)
}

//** findpas()
// assumes that we are starting in a live section since looks for pass mech there
qx_=0
proc findpas () {
  for ii=0,paslist.count-1 {
    XO=paslist.object(ii)
    if (ismembrane(XO.s)) {
      // print XO.s,"found"
      pasvars[2].s=XO.s
      sprint(pasvars[0].s,"g_%s(qx_)",XO.s)
      for scase("e","erev","XXXX") {  // look for the proper prefix
        sprint(temp_string_,"%s_%s",temp_string_,XO.s)
        if (name_declared(temp_string_)==1) break
      }
      if (name_declared(temp_string_)==0) { // not found
        printf("SetMemb() in nrnoc.hoc: Can't find proper 'erev' prefix for %s\n",XO.s)
      } else {
        sprint(pasvars[1].s,"%s(qx_)",temp_string_)
      }
    }
  }
}

proc setMemb () {
  if (!secp()) return
  findpas() // assume that passive name is the same in all sections
  forall for (qx_,0) {  // will eventually want 'for (x)' to handle all the segments
    if (ismembrane(pasvars[2].s)) {
        for ii=0,1 pasvals[ii]=getval(pasvars[ii].s)
        setmemb2()
        for ii=0,1 setval(pasvars[ii].s,pasvals[ii])
    }
  }
}

// secp() determine whether any sections exist
func secp () { local n
  n=0
  forall n+=1
  if (n>0) return 1 else return 0
}

func setother () {return 0} // callback stub
proc setmemb2 () { local iSum, ii, epas, gpas
  if (!secp()) return
  gpas=pasvals[0] epas=pasvals[1]
  // Setup steady state voltage using leak channel
  iSum = 0.0
  if (ismembrane("na_ion")) { iSum += ina(qx_) }
  if (ismembrane("k_ion"))  { iSum += ik(qx_)  }
  if (ismembrane("ca_ion")) { iSum += ica(qx_) }
  iSum += setother()

  if (iSum == 0) {        // Passive cmp so set e_pas = v
    epas = v
  } else {
    if (gpas > 0) {    // Assume g set by user, calc e
      epas = v + iSum/gpas

    } else {            // Assume e set by user, calc g
      if (epas != v) {
        gpas = iSum/(epas - v)
      } else { gpas=0 }
    }
    if (gpas < 0) errorMsg("bad g", gpas)
    if (epas < -100 || epas > 0) {
      printf(".")
      // printf("%s erev: %g %g %g\n",secname(),e_pas,ina,ik)
    }
  }
  pasvals[0]=gpas pasvals[1]=epas
}

proc finish () {
  /* Called following completion of continueRun() */

finishMisc()

if (graph_flag == 1) {
  if (iv_flag == 1) {
    flushPlot()
    doEvents()
  } else {
    graphmode(-1)
    plt(-1)
  }
}

if (print_flag == 1) {
  wopen("")
}
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------
User definable GRAPHICS and PRINTING routines
------------------------------------------------------------*/

proc outputData() {
  // Default procedure - if outputData() doesn't exist in the run file

  if (graph_flag == 1) {
    if (iv_flag == 1) {
      Plot()
      rt = stopsw()
      if (rt > realtime) {
        realtime = rt
        fastflushPlot()
        doNotify()
        if (realtime == 2 && eventcount > 50) {
          eventslow = int(eventcount/50) + 1
        }
        eventcount = 0
      }else{
        eventcount = eventcount + 1
        if ((eventcount%eventslow) == 0) {
          doEvents()
        }
      }

    } else {
      graph(t)
    }
  }

  if (print_flag == 1) { 
    if (t%printStep <= printStep) { printOut() }
  }
}

proc printOut() {
  /* Default procedure - if printOut() doesn't exist in the run file */
}

proc initGraph() {
  /* Default procedure - if initGraph() doesn't exist in the run file */

graph()
}

proc initPrint() {
  /* Default procedure - if initPrint() doesn't exist in the run file */

wopen(output_file)
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------
User definable BATCH RUN routines
------------------------------------------------------------*/

proc nextrun() {
  // Called from finishmisc() following completion of batch in an autorun
  wopen("")   
  runnum = runnum + 1
  sprint(output_file,"data/b%s.%02d", datestr, runnum)
}                       

// commands for emacs
proc update_runnum() { 
  runnum = $1
  sprint(output_file,"data/%s.%02d", datestr, runnum)
  print "^&^ (progn (sim-index-revert)(setq sim-runnum ",runnum,"))" }
proc nrn_write_index() { printf("&INDEX& %s\n",$s1) }
proc nrn_update () { elisp("nrn-update") }
proc nrn_message () { printf("!&! %s\n",$s1) } 

/*------------------------------------------------------------
User definable INITIALIZATION and FINISH routines
------------------------------------------------------------*/

// Default procedure - if initMisc1() doesn't exist in the run file 
// Initializations performed prior to finitialize() 
// This should contain point process inits and inits for any changes 
//        made to the NEURON block of any local mod file 
proc initMisc1() { }

// Default procedure - if initMisc2() doesn't exist in the run file 
// Initializations performed after finitialize() 
proc initMisc2() { }

// Default procedure - if finishMisc() doesn't exist in the run file 
proc finishMisc() { }

/*------------------------------------------------------------
Miscellaneous routines
------------------------------------------------------------*/

proc errorMsg() {
  /* Print warning, assumes arg1 is string and arg2 if present is a
  variable value */

sectionname(section)

if (numarg() == 0) {
  printf("ERROR in errorMsg(): Needs at least 1 argument.\n")
} else if (numarg() == 1) {
  printf("ERROR: %s in section %s.\n", $s1, section)
} else {
  printf("ERROR: %s in section %s (var=%g).\n", $s1, section, $2)
}
}

proc clear() {
  /* Clear non-interviews plot window */
plt(-3)
}

func mod() { local x, y
  /* Mod function for non-integers */

x=$1
y=$2

return (x/y - int(x/y))
}

proc whatSection() { print secname() }

proc print_pp_location() { local x //arg1 must be a point process
   x = $o1.get_loc()
   sectionname(temp_string_)
   printf("%s located at %s(%g)\n", $o1, temp_string_, x)
   pop_section()
}

//* set method with method()
proc method () { local prc
  if (numarg()==0) {
    if (cvode_active() && cvode_local()) { printf("\tlocal atol=%g\n",cvode.atol)
    } else if (cvode_active()) { printf("\tglobal atol=%g\n",cvode.atol)
    } else if (secondorder==2) { printf("\tCrank-Nicholson dt=%g\n",dt)
    } else if (secondorder==0) { printf("\timplicit dt=%g\n",dt)
    } else { printf("\tMethod unrecognized\n") }
    return
  }
  if (numarg()==2) prc = $2 else prc=0
  finitialize()
  if (strcmp($s1,"global")==0) {
    cvode_active(1)
    cvode.condition_order(2)
    if (prc) cvode.atol(prc)
  } else if (strcmp($s1,"local")==0) {
    cvode_local(1)
    cvode.condition_order(2)
    if (prc) cvode.atol(prc)
  } else if (strcmp($s1,"implicit")==0) {
    secondorder=0
    cvode_active(1)
    cvode_active(0)
    if (prc) dt=prc
  } else if (strcmp($s1,"CN")==0) {
    secondorder=2
    cvode_active(1) // this turns off local
    cvode_active(0)
    if (prc) dt=prc
  } else {
    printf("Integration method %s not recognized\n",$s1)
  }
}

//* Load local modifications to nrnoc.hoc and default.hoc
load_file("local.hoc")

if (xwindows && graph_flag) { nrnmainmenu() } // pwman_place(50,50)

print "Init complete.\n"