Distinct current modules shape cellular dynamics in model neurons (Alturki et al 2016)

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Accession:223649
" ... We hypothesized that currents are grouped into distinct modules that shape specific neuronal characteristics or signatures, such as resting potential, sub-threshold oscillations, and spiking waveforms, for several classes of neurons. For such a grouping to occur, the currents within one module should have minimal functional interference with currents belonging to other modules. This condition is satisfied if the gating functions of currents in the same module are grouped together on the voltage axis; in contrast, such functions are segregated along the voltage axis for currents belonging to different modules. We tested this hypothesis using four published example case models and found it to be valid for these classes of neurons. ..."
Reference:
1 . Alturki A, Feng F, Nair A, Guntu V, Nair SS (2016) Distinct current modules shape cellular dynamics in model neurons. Neuroscience 334:309-331 [PubMed]
Citations  Citation Browser
Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Neuron or other electrically excitable cell;
Brain Region(s)/Organism: Hippocampus; Amygdala;
Cell Type(s): Abstract single compartment conductance based cell;
Channel(s):
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s):
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: NEURON;
Model Concept(s): Simplified Models; Activity Patterns; Oscillations; Methods; Olfaction;
Implementer(s):
/
AlturkiEtAl2016
4_LA
Segregated
cadyn.mod *
capool.mod *
currentclamp.mod *
h.mod *
im.mod *
kaprox.mod *
kdrca1.mod *
kdrca1DA.mod *
leak.mod *
leakDA.mod *
na3.mod *
na3DA.mod *
nap.mod *
nat.mod *
sahp.mod *
sahpNE.mod *
graphics_lib.hoc *
main.hoc
main_HTO.hoc
main_LTO.hoc
onecompartment_template_with_osc.hoc
                            
// Created by A. Alturki (2015)
// 1-compartment LA pyramidal cells template

//load_file("nrngui.hoc")
//The parameters in this model are based on Type C cell of 3-compartment model 


//////===================//////
///// Type A cell in LA  /////
/////===================/////

begintemplate Cell_A

public soma, connect2target, type
//public all

create soma
access soma // declares soma as a membrane compartment object
	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	

     /////biophysical properties/////
proc init() {

	create soma // create soma in the initialization
	ncl = new List()
	synlist =new List()		
	type = "Cell_A"
	
	gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
	Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
	SpineScale = 1.76371308 //2
	SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
	RaAll= 200
	RaSoma= 146.969697 //200 
	RaAxIs = 100//100//200
	Vpas = -70//-65//-69 // -67
	gna =  0.041//.039//.03*0.6*1.5 //.03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
	AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
	gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
	ghd=0.000003 *.7
	nash=10
	Vrest = -67
	celsius = 31.0 
	gsAHP = 0.0014//0.0005
	GmC = 0.0096//0.0085//0.006 //0.0035 //0.0006

     /////geometrical properties/////
soma {nseg = 1  L = 25 diam = 24.75} // L = 117.77 diam = 24.5   //// area ratio is 4.6632
	
	soma {
	
	    insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 5.5e-4  eca = 120
		insert leak el_leak= -72 glbar_leak = 5.5e-5  Ra=RaAll cm=2.5 
		insert hd ghdbar_hd=1.5e-5  78.72884325 
		insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3 = 0.027 
		insert nap gbar_nap= 0.000142
		insert kdr gbar_kdr=0.0015
		insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05 
		insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = 3e-4
		insert im gbar_im = 6e-4
		insert kap gkabar_kap =0.002 //  0.02
				
		ena = 45
		ek = -80
		if (ismembrane("kdr") || ismembrane("kap") ) {ek=-80} //???
		if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50 //???
		}
}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}
endtemplate Cell_A


//////===================//////
////  Type ADA cell in LA ////
/////===================/////

begintemplate Cell_ADA

public soma, connect2target, type
//public all

create soma
access soma // declares soma as a membrane compartment object
	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	

     /////biophysical properties/////
proc init() {

	create soma // create soma in the initialization
	ncl = new List()
	synlist =new List()		
	type = "Cell_ADA"
	
	gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
	Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
	SpineScale = 1.76371308 //2
	SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
	RaAll= 200
	RaSoma= 146.969697 //200 
	RaAxIs = 100//100//200
	Vpas = -70//-65//-69 // -67
	gna =  0.041//.039//.03*0.6*1.5 //.03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
	AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
	gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
	ghd=0.000003 *.7
	nash=10
	Vrest = -67
	celsius = 31.0 
	gsAHP = 0.0014//0.0005
	GmC = 0.0096//0.0085//0.006 //0.0035 //0.0006

     /////geometrical properties/////
soma {nseg = 1  L = 25 diam = 24.75} // L = 117.77 diam = 24.5   //// area ratio is 4.6632
	
	soma {
	
	    insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 5.5e-4 eca = 120
		insert leakDA el_leakDA= -72  glbar_leakDA = 5.5e-5  Ra=RaAll cm=2.5
		insert hd ghdbar_hd=1.5e-5  78.72884325 
		insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA = 0.027
		insert nap gbar_nap= 0.000142
		insert kdrDA gbar_kdrDA=0.0015
		insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05 
		insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = 3e-4
		insert im gbar_im = 6e-4
		insert kap gkabar_kap =0.002 //  0.02
				
		ena = 45
		ek = -80
		if (ismembrane("kdrDA") || ismembrane("kap") ) {ek=-80} //???
		if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50 //???
		}
}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}
endtemplate Cell_ADA


//////===================//////
////  Type ANE cell in LA ////
/////===================/////

begintemplate Cell_ANE

public soma, connect2target, type
//public all

create soma
access soma // declares soma as a membrane compartment object
	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	

     /////biophysical properties/////
proc init() {

	create soma // create soma in the initialization
	ncl = new List()
	synlist =new List()		
	type = "Cell_ANE"
	
	gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
	Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
	SpineScale = 1.76371308 //2
	SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
	RaAll= 200
	RaSoma= 146.969697 //200 
	RaAxIs = 100//100//200
	Vpas = -70//-65//-69 // -67
	gna =  0.041//.039//.03*0.6*1.5 //.03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
	AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
	gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
	ghd=0.000003 *.7
	nash=10
	Vrest = -67
	celsius = 31.0 
	gsAHP = 0.0014//0.0005
	GmC = 0.0096//0.0085//0.006 //0.0035 //0.0006

     /////geometrical properties/////
soma {nseg = 1  L = 25 diam = 24.75} // L = 117.77 diam = 24.5   //// area ratio is 4.6632
	
	soma {
	
	    insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 5.5e-4 eca = 120
		insert leak el_leak= -72  glbar_leak = 5.5e-5  Ra=RaAll cm=2.5
		insert hd ghdbar_hd=1.5e-5  78.72884325
		insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3 = 0.027 
		insert nap gbar_nap= 0.000142
		insert kdr gbar_kdr=0.0015
		insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05 
		insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = 3e-4 
		insert im gbar_im = 6e-4
		insert kap gkabar_kap =0.002 //  0.02
				
		ena = 45
		ek = -80
		if (ismembrane("kdr") || ismembrane("kap") ) {ek=-80} //???
		if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50 //???
		}
}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}
endtemplate Cell_ANE


//////===================//////
/////  Type ADANE cell   /////
/////===================/////

begintemplate Cell_ADANE

public soma, connect2target, type
//public all

create soma
access soma // declares soma as a membrane compartment object
	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	

     /////biophysical properties/////
proc init() {

	create soma // create soma in the initialization
	ncl = new List()
	synlist =new List()		
	type = "Cell_ADANE"
	
	gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
	Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
	SpineScale = 1.76371308 //2
	SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
	RaAll= 200
	RaSoma= 146.969697 //200 
	RaAxIs = 100//100//200
	Vpas = -70//-65//-69 // -67
	gna =  0.041//.039//.03*0.6*1.5 //.03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
	AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
	gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
	ghd=0.000003 *.7
	nash=10
	Vrest = -67
	celsius = 31.0 
	gsAHP = 0.0014//0.0005
	GmC = 0.0096//0.0085//0.006 //0.0035 //0.0006

     /////geometrical properties/////
soma {nseg = 1  L = 25 diam = 24.75} // L = 117.77 diam = 24.5   //// area ratio is 4.6632
	
	soma {
	
	    insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 5.5e-4 eca = 120
		insert leakDA el_leakDA= -72  glbar_leakDA = 5.5e-5  Ra=RaAll cm=2.5
		insert hd ghdbar_hd=1.5e-5  78.72884325
		insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA = 0.027
		insert nap gbar_nap= 0.000142
		insert kdrDA gbar_kdrDA=0.0015
		insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05 
		insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = 3e-4
		insert im gbar_im = 6e-4
		insert kap gkabar_kap =0.002 //  0.02
				
		ena = 45
		ek = -80
		if (ismembrane("kdrDA") || ismembrane("kap") ) {ek=-80} //???
		if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50 //???
		}
}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}
endtemplate Cell_ADANE

//////===================/////
///// Type B cell in LA /////
////===================/////

begintemplate Cell_B

public soma, connect2target, type
public all

create soma
access soma // declares soma as a membrane compartment object
	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	

     /////biophysical properties/////
proc init() {

	create soma // create soma in the initialization
	ncl = new List()
	synlist =new List()		
	type = "Cell_B"
	
	gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
	Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
	SpineScale = 1.76371308 //2
	SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
	RaAll= 200
	RaSoma= 146.969697 //200 
	RaAxIs = 100//100//200
	Vpas = -70//-65//-69 // -67
	gna =  0.039//.03*0.6*1.5 //.03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
	AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
	gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
	ghd=0.000003 *.7
	nash=10
	Vrest = -67
	celsius = 31.0 
	gsAHP = 0.0005
	GmC = 0.0096//0.0085//0.006 //0.0035 //0.0006

     /////geometrical properties/////
soma {nseg = 1 L = 25 diam = 24.75} // L = 117.77 diam = 24.5   //// area ratio is 4.6632
	
	soma {
		insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 5.5e-4 eca = 120
		insert leak el_leak= -72  glbar_leak = 5.5e-5 Ra=RaAll cm=2.5
		insert hd ghdbar_hd=1.5e-5 78.72884325 
		insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3 = 0.027 
		insert nap gbar_nap= 0.000142
		insert kdr gbar_kdr=0.0015
		insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05 
		insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = 2e-4
		insert im gbar_im = 6e-4
		insert kap gkabar_kap =0.002 //  0.02

		
		ena = 45
		ek = -80
		if (ismembrane("kdr") || ismembrane("kap") ) {ek=-80} //???
		if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50 //???
		}
}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}
endtemplate Cell_B


//////===================/////
/////Type BDA cell in LA ////
////===================/////

begintemplate Cell_BDA

public soma, connect2target, type
public all

create soma
access soma // declares soma as a membrane compartment object
	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	

     /////biophysical properties/////
proc init() {

	create soma // create soma in the initialization
	ncl = new List()
	synlist =new List()		
	type = "Cell_BDA"
	
	gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
	Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
	SpineScale = 1.76371308 //2
	SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
	RaAll= 200
	RaSoma= 146.969697 //200 
	RaAxIs = 100//100//200
	Vpas = -70//-65//-69 // -67
	gna =  0.039//.03*0.6*1.5 //.03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
	AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
	gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
	ghd=0.000003 *.7
	nash=10
	Vrest = -67
	celsius = 31.0 
	gsAHP = 0.0005
	GmC = 0.0096//0.0085//0.006 //0.0035 //0.0006

     /////geometrical properties/////
soma {nseg = 1 L = 25 diam = 24.75} // L = 117.77 diam = 24.5   //// area ratio is 4.6632
	
	soma {
		insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 5.5e-4 eca = 120
		insert leakDA el_leakDA= -72  glbar_leakDA = 5.5e-5 Ra=RaAll cm=2.5
		insert hd ghdbar_hd=1.5e-5  78.72884325  
		insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA = 0.027
		insert nap gbar_nap= 0.000142
		insert kdrDA gbar_kdrDA=0.0015
		insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05 
		insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = 2e-4
		insert im gbar_im = 6e-4
		insert kap gkabar_kap =0.002 //  0.02

		
		ena = 45
		ek = -80
		if (ismembrane("kdrDA") || ismembrane("kap") ) {ek=-80} //???
		if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50 //???
		}
}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}
endtemplate Cell_BDA

//////===================/////
//// Type BNE cell in LA ////
////===================/////

begintemplate Cell_BNE

public soma, connect2target, type
public all

create soma
access soma // declares soma as a membrane compartment object
	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	

     /////biophysical properties/////
proc init() {

	create soma // create soma in the initialization
	ncl = new List()
	synlist =new List()		
	type = "Cell_BNE"
	
	gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
	Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
	SpineScale = 1.76371308 //2
	SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
	RaAll= 200
	RaSoma= 146.969697 //200 
	RaAxIs = 100//100//200
	Vpas = -70//-65//-69 // -67
	gna =  0.039//.03*0.6*1.5 //.03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
	AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
	gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
	ghd=0.000003 *.7
	nash=10
	Vrest = -67
	celsius = 31.0 
	gsAHP = 0.0005
	GmC = 0.0096//0.0085//0.006 //0.0035 //0.0006

     /////geometrical properties/////
soma {nseg = 1 L = 25 diam = 24.75} // L = 117.77 diam = 24.5   //// area ratio is 4.6632
	
	soma {
		insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 5.5e-4 eca = 120
		insert leak el_leak= -72  glbar_leak = 5.5e-5 Ra=RaAll cm=2.5
		insert hd ghdbar_hd=1.5e-5 78.72884325 
		insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3 = 0.027 
		insert nap gbar_nap= 0.000142
		insert kdr gbar_kdr=0.0015
		insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05 
		insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = 2e-4
		insert im gbar_im = 6e-4
		insert kap gkabar_kap =0.002 //  0.02

		
		ena = 45
		ek = -80
		if (ismembrane("kdr") || ismembrane("kap") ) {ek=-80} //???
		if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50 //???
		}
}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}
endtemplate Cell_BNE


//////=======================/////
////  Type BDANE cell in LA ////
////=======================/////

begintemplate Cell_BDANE

public soma, connect2target, type
public all

create soma
access soma // declares soma as a membrane compartment object
	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	

     /////biophysical properties/////
proc init() {

	create soma // create soma in the initialization
	ncl = new List()
	synlist =new List()		
	type = "Cell_BDANE"
	
	gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
	Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
	SpineScale = 1.76371308 //2
	SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
	RaAll= 200
	RaSoma= 146.969697 //200 
	RaAxIs = 100//100//200
	Vpas = -70//-65//-69 // -67
	gna =  0.039//.03*0.6*1.5 //.03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
	AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
	gkdr = 0.005*.6 /* decreased from 0.005 */
	ghd=0.000003 *.7
	nash=10
	Vrest = -67
	celsius = 31.0 
	gsAHP = 0.0005
	GmC = 0.0096//0.0085//0.006 //0.0035 //0.0006

     /////geometrical properties/////
soma {nseg = 1 L = 25 diam = 24.75} // L = 117.77 diam = 24.5   //// area ratio is 4.6632
	
	soma {
		insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 5.5e-4 eca = 120
		insert leakDA el_leakDA= -72  glbar_leakDA = 5.5e-5 Ra=RaAll cm=2.5
		insert hd ghdbar_hd=1.5e-5  78.72884325  
		insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA = 0.027
		insert nap gbar_nap= 0.000142
		insert kdrDA gbar_kdrDA=0.0015
		insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05 
		insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = 2e-4
		insert im gbar_im = 6e-4
		insert kap gkabar_kap =0.002 //  0.02

		
		ena = 45
		ek = -80
		if (ismembrane("kdrDA") || ismembrane("kap") ) {ek=-80} //???
		if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50 //???
		}
}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}
endtemplate Cell_BDANE


/////====================/////
///// Type C cell in LA /////
////===================/////

begintemplate Cell_C

public soma, connect2target, type
public all

create soma
access soma // declares soma as a membrane compartment object
	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	

     /////biophysical properties/////
proc init() {

	create soma // create soma in the initialization
	ncl = new List()
	synlist =new List()		
	type = "Cell_C"
	
	gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
	Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
	SpineScale = 1.76371308 //2
	SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
	RaAll= 200
	RaSoma= 146.969697 //200 
	RaAxIs = 100//100//200
	Vpas = -70//-65//-69 // -67
	gna =  0.039//.03*0.6*1.5 //.03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
	AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
	gkdr = 0.005*.6 
	ghd=0.000003 *.7
	nash=10
	Vrest = -67
	celsius = 31.0 
	gsAHP = 0.0014//0.0005
	GmC = 0.0096//0.0085//0.006 //0.0035 //0.0006

     /////geometrical properties/////
soma {nseg = 1  L = 25 diam = 24.75} // L = 117.77 diam = 24.5   //// area ratio is 4.6632
	
	soma {
		
		insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 5.5e-4 eca = 120
		insert leak el_leak= -72 glbar_leak = 5.5e-5 Ra=RaAll cm=2.5 
		insert hd ghdbar_hd=1.5e-5  78.72884325
		insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3 = 0.027
		insert nap gbar_nap= 0.000142
		insert kdr gbar_kdr=0.0015
		insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05 
		insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = 5e-5 // 1e-4
		insert im gbar_im = 6e-4
		insert kap gkabar_kap =0.002 //  0.02
			
		ena = 45
		ek = -80
		if (ismembrane("kdr") || ismembrane("kap") ) {ek=-80} //???
		if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50 //???
		}
}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}
endtemplate Cell_C


/////=====================/////
///// Type CDA cell in LA ////
////====================/////

begintemplate Cell_CDA

public soma, connect2target, type
public all

create soma
access soma // declares soma as a membrane compartment object
	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	

     /////biophysical properties/////
proc init() {

	create soma // create soma in the initialization
	ncl = new List()
	synlist =new List()		
	type = "Cell_CDA"
	
	gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
	Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
	SpineScale = 1.76371308 //2
	SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
	RaAll= 200
	RaSoma= 146.969697 //200 
	RaAxIs = 100//100//200
	Vpas = -70//-65//-69 // -67
	gna =  0.039//.03*0.6*1.5 //.03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
	AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
	gkdr = 0.005*.6 
	ghd=0.000003 *.7
	nash=10
	Vrest = -67
	celsius = 31.0 
	gsAHP = 0.0014//0.0005
	GmC = 0.0096//0.0085//0.006 //0.0035 //0.0006

     /////geometrical properties/////
soma {nseg = 1  L = 25 diam = 24.75} // L = 117.77 diam = 24.5   //// area ratio is 4.6632
	
	soma {
		
		insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 5.5e-4 eca = 120
		insert leakDA el_leakDA= -72 glbar_leakDA = 5.5e-5 Ra=RaAll cm=2.5 
		insert hd ghdbar_hd=1.5e-5  78.72884325
		insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA = 0.027
		insert nap gbar_nap= 0.000142
		insert kdrDA gbar_kdrDA=0.0015
		insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05 
		insert sAHP gsAHPbar_sAHP = 5e-5 // 1e-4
		insert im gbar_im = 6e-4
		insert kap gkabar_kap =0.002 //  0.02
			
		ena = 45
		ek = -80
		if (ismembrane("kdrDA") || ismembrane("kap") ) {ek=-80} //???
		if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50 //???
		}
}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}
endtemplate Cell_CDA


/////=====================/////
//// Type CNE cell in LA /////
////====================/////

begintemplate Cell_CNE

public soma, connect2target, type
public all

create soma
access soma // declares soma as a membrane compartment object
	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	

     /////biophysical properties/////
proc init() {

	create soma // create soma in the initialization
	ncl = new List()
	synlist =new List()		
	type = "Cell_CNE"
	
	gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
	Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
	SpineScale = 1.76371308 //2
	SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
	RaAll= 200
	RaSoma= 146.969697 //200 
	RaAxIs = 100//100//200
	Vpas = -70//-65//-69 // -67
	gna =  0.039//.03*0.6*1.5 //.03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
	AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
	gkdr = 0.005*.6 
	ghd=0.000003 *.7
	nash=10
	Vrest = -67
	celsius = 31.0 
	gsAHP = 0.0014//0.0005
	GmC = 0.0096//0.0085//0.006 //0.0035 //0.0006

     /////geometrical properties/////
soma {nseg = 1  L = 25 diam = 24.75} // L = 117.77 diam = 24.5   //// area ratio is 4.6632
	
	soma {
		
		insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 5.5e-4 eca = 120
		insert leak el_leak= -72 glbar_leak = 5.5e-5 Ra=RaAll cm=2.5 
		insert hd ghdbar_hd=1.5e-5  78.72884325
		insert na3 sh_na3=nash ar_na3=1	gbar_na3 = 0.027
		insert nap gbar_nap= 0.000142
		insert kdr gbar_kdr=0.0015
		insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05 
		insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = 5e-5 // 1e-4
		insert im gbar_im = 6e-4
		insert kap gkabar_kap =0.002 //  0.02
			
		ena = 45
		ek = -80
		if (ismembrane("kdr") || ismembrane("kap") ) {ek=-80} //???
		if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50 //???
		}
}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}
endtemplate Cell_CNE


/////=======================/////
/////Type CDANE cell in LA /////
////======================/////

begintemplate Cell_CDANE

public soma, connect2target, type
public all

create soma
access soma // declares soma as a membrane compartment object
	public ncl, synlist
	objref ncl, synlist
	strdef type	

     /////biophysical properties/////
proc init() {

	create soma // create soma in the initialization
	ncl = new List()
	synlist =new List()		
	type = "Cell_CDANE"
	
	gUnf_Xsoma = 2.5e-05
	Rm = 80000 // decreased overall
	SpineScale = 1.76371308 //2
	SpineScale_leak = 1.763714578
	RaAll= 200
	RaSoma= 146.969697 //200 
	RaAxIs = 100//100//200
	Vpas = -70//-65//-69 // -67
	gna =  0.039//.03*0.6*1.5 //.03*0.6*1.5 /* decreased from 0.03 */
	AXONM = 3 /*decrease from 2 */
	gkdr = 0.005*.6 
	ghd=0.000003 *.7
	nash=10
	Vrest = -67
	celsius = 31.0 
	gsAHP = 0.0014//0.0005
	GmC = 0.0096//0.0085//0.006 //0.0035 //0.0006

     /////geometrical properties/////
soma {nseg = 1  L = 25 diam = 24.75} // L = 117.77 diam = 24.5   //// area ratio is 4.6632
	
	soma {
		
		insert cadyn gcabar_cadyn = 5.5e-4 eca = 120
		insert leakDA el_leakDA= -72 glbar_leakDA = 5.5e-5 Ra=RaAll cm=2.5 
		insert hd ghdbar_hd=1.5e-5  78.72884325
		insert na3DA sh_na3DA=nash ar_na3DA=1	gbar_na3DA = 0.027
		insert nap gbar_nap= 0.000142
		insert kdrDA gbar_kdrDA=0.0015
		insert capool taucas = 1000  fcas_capool = 0.05 
		insert sAHPNE gsAHPbar_sAHPNE = 5e-5 // 1e-4
		insert im gbar_im = 6e-4
		insert kap gkabar_kap =0.002 //  0.02
			
		ena = 45
		ek = -80
		if (ismembrane("kdrDA") || ismembrane("kap") ) {ek=-80} //???
		if (ismembrane("hd") ) {ehd_hd=-43 } // change from -30 to -50 //???
		}
}
obfunc connect2target() { localobj nc
	soma nc = new NetCon(&v(0.5), $o1)
	nc.threshold = 0
	if (numarg() == 2) ($o2 = nc)
	return nc
	}
endtemplate Cell_CDANE