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Mechanisms of magnetic stimulation of central nervous system neurons (Pashut et al. 2011)

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Accession:138321
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely applied tool for probing cognitive function in humans and is one of the best tools for clinical treatments and interfering with cognitive tasks. Surprisingly, while TMS has been commercially available for decades, the cellular mechanisms underlying magnetic stimulation remain unclear. Here we investigate these mechanisms using compartmental modeling. We generated a numerical scheme allowing simulation of the physiological response to magnetic stimulation of neurons with arbitrary morphologies and active properties. Computational experiments using this scheme suggested that TMS affects neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) primarily by somatic stimulation.
Reference:
1 . Pashut T, Wolfus S, Friedman A, Lavidor M, Bar-Gad I, Yeshurun Y, Korngreen A (2011) Mechanisms of magnetic stimulation of central nervous system neurons. PLoS Comput Biol 7:e1002022 [PubMed]
Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Neuron or other electrically excitable cell;
Brain Region(s)/Organism:
Cell Type(s): Neocortex L5/6 pyramidal GLU cell; Squid axon;
Channel(s):
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s):
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: NEURON; MATLAB;
Model Concept(s): Action Potential Initiation; Magnetic stimulation;
Implementer(s): Korngreen, Alon [alon.korngreen at gmail.com]; Pashut, Tamar [tamar.pashut at gmail.com];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  Neocortex L5/6 pyramidal GLU cell;
/
pashut2011
TwoDimensions
Neuron
cells
cad2.mod *
child.mod *
childa.mod *
epsp.mod *
it2.mod *
kaprox.mod *
kca.mod *
km.mod *
kv.mod *
na.mod *
SlowCa.mod *
xtra.mod *
alon.ses
BACModel.hoc
BACModel_mag.hoc
Display.ses *
magstim.hoc
                            
: this model is built-in to neuron with suffix epsp

COMMENT
modified from syn2.mod
injected current with exponential rise and decay current defined by
         i = 0 for t < onset and
         i=amp*((1-exp(-(t-onset)/tau0))-(1-exp(-(t-onset)/tau1)))
          for t > onset

	compare to experimental current injection:
 	i = - amp*(1-exp(-t/t1))*(exp(-t/t2))

	-> tau1==t2   tau0 ^-1 = t1^-1 + t2^-1
ENDCOMMENT
					       
INDEPENDENT {t FROM 0 TO 1 WITH 1 (ms)}

NEURON {
	POINT_PROCESS epsp
	RANGE onset, tau0, tau1, imax, i, myv
	NONSPECIFIC_CURRENT i
}
UNITS {
	(nA) = (nanoamp)
	(mV) = (millivolt)
	(umho) = (micromho)
}

PARAMETER {
	onset=0  (ms)
	tau0=0.2 (ms)
	tau1=3.0 (ms)
	imax=0 	 (nA)
	v	 (mV)
}

ASSIGNED { i (nA)  myv (mV)}

LOCAL   a[2]
LOCAL   tpeak
LOCAL   adjust
LOCAL   amp

BREAKPOINT {
	myv = v
        i = curr(t)
}

FUNCTION myexp(x) {
	if (x < -100) {
	myexp = 0
	}else{
	myexp = exp(x)
	}
}

FUNCTION curr(x) {				
	tpeak=tau0*tau1*log(tau0/tau1)/(tau0-tau1)
	adjust=1/((1-myexp(-tpeak/tau0))-(1-myexp(-tpeak/tau1)))
	amp=adjust*imax
	if (x < onset) {
		curr = 0
	}else{
		a[0]=1-myexp(-(x-onset)/tau0)
		a[1]=1-myexp(-(x-onset)/tau1)
		curr = -amp*(a[0]-a[1])
	}
}

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