Olfactory bulb network: neurogenetic restructuring and odor decorrelation (Chow et al. 2012)

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Accession:146583
Adult neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb has been shown experimentally to contribute to perceptual learning. Using a computational network model we show that fundamental aspects of the adult neurogenesis observed in the olfactory bulb -- the persistent addition of new inhibitory granule cells to the network, their activity-dependent survival, and the reciprocal character of their synapses with the principal mitral cells -- are sufficient to restructure the network and to alter its encoding of odor stimuli adaptively so as to reduce the correlations between the bulbar representations of similar stimuli. The model captures the experimentally observed role of neurogenesis in perceptual learning and the enhanced response of young granule cells to novel stimuli. Moreover, it makes specific predictions for the type of odor enrichment that should be effective in enhancing the ability of animals to discriminate similar odor mixtures. NSF grant DMS-0719944.
Reference:
1 . Chow SF, Wick SD, Riecke H (2012) Neurogenesis drives stimulus decorrelation in a model of the olfactory bulb. PLoS Comput Biol 8:e1002398 [PubMed]
Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Realistic Network;
Brain Region(s)/Organism: Olfactory bulb;
Cell Type(s): Olfactory bulb main mitral GLU cell; Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell;
Channel(s):
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s):
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: MATLAB;
Model Concept(s): Activity Patterns; Rate-coding model neurons; Sensory processing; Apoptosis; Neurogenesis; Olfaction;
Implementer(s): Chow, Siu-Fai ;
Search NeuronDB for information about:  Olfactory bulb main mitral GLU cell; Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell;
function cort

    all_Ns = 33;
    MC_per_Glom = 1;
    sim = 20;
    odor_names = 'limonene(+)_ster limonene(_)_ster propylpropionate_es3 ethylbutyrate_es3 isopropylbenzene_ModuleC1 cyclohexanone_SG18 acetone methylacetate_SG19 cycloheptanelow_cycloalk propanol_simp_2500 isoamylbutyrate_est1 butyricacid_aci1 hexanal_ald1 ethylbenzene_HC D_carvone_ster L_carvone_ster 1_butanol_SG12 1_heptanol_OH2 1_hexanol_alc2 aceticacid_aci1 caproicacid_aci1_7.2 dodecanal_SG20 valericacid_aci1 2_hexanone_fgrp_250 amylacetate_es3 butylbutyrate_banana1 citronellol_C10Alcs eucalyptol_polycy me_salicylate_SG8 menthylisoval_mint_1_4 pentanol_fgrp_250 terp4ol(+)_ster terp4ol(_)_ster';
    [Sall, ~, ~, ~] = gara(all_Ns, MC_per_Glom, odor_names, sim);
    Sall = 1+Sall;
    Nc = size(Sall,1);
    
    steps = 250;
    Isize = 2500;
    conn = 8;
    CS = 0.02;
    rate = 0.01;
    
    choose = 1:8;
    Ns = length(choose);
    S = Sall(:,choose);
    
    Wmg = zeros(Nc, Isize);
    G_cort = zeros(1,Isize);
    nd = round(Isize*rate);
    
    [P, ~] = cal_activity(0,CS,Wmg,Wmg',S,S);
    P(P<0) = 0;
    [Pall, ~] = cal_activity(0,CS,Wmg,Wmg',Sall,Sall);
    Pall(Pall<0) = 0;
    for i = 1:steps
        CP = C(P);
        if i ~=1
            cort_act = CP;
            Gsum = cort_act(G_cort);
            rand_str = max(abs(Gsum));
            [~, IX] = sort(Gsum+rand_str*randn(size(Gsum)));
            IX = IX(1:nd);
        else
            IX = 1:Isize;
        end
        prob = [0 cumsum(CP/sum(CP))];
        prob_recp = [zeros(1,all_Ns); cumsum(Pall./repmat(sum(Pall),Nc,1))];
        for j = 1:length(IX)
            seed = rand; temp = find((prob-seed)<=0); temp = temp(end);
            G_cort(IX(j)) = temp;
            prob_temp = prob_recp(:,G_cort(IX(j)));
            k = 0;
            Wmg(:,IX(j)) = 0;
            while k < conn
                seed = rand; temp = find((prob_temp-seed)<=0); temp = temp(end);
                if Wmg(temp,IX(j))~=1
                    Wmg(temp,IX(j)) = 1;
                    k = k+1;
                end
            end
        end
        [P, ~] = cal_activity(0,CS,Wmg,Wmg',S,S);
        P(P<0) = 0;
        [Pall, ~] = cal_activity(0,CS,Wmg,Wmg',Sall,Sall);
        Pall(Pall<0) = 0;

        figure(1);
        subplot(2,2,1);
        imagesc(Wmg*Wmg'-diag(NaN*ones(1,Nc)));
        subplot(2,2,3);
        hist(G_cort,0:all_Ns);
        xlim([0.5 all_Ns+0.5]);
        subplot(2,2,2);
        imagesc(Pall);
        subplot(2,2,4);
        imagesc(corrcoef(Pall)); caxis([-1 1]);
        
        drawnow;
    end
    
    function val = C(p_)
        val = zeros(1,all_Ns);
        for j_ = 1:size(p_,2)
            for i_ = 1:all_Ns
                temp_ = corrcoef([Pall(:,i_) p_(:,j_)]);
                val(i_) = val(i_)+max(0,temp_(1,2));
            end
        end
    end

end

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