Fast Spiking Basket cells (Tzilivaki et al 2019)

 Download zip file 
Help downloading and running models
Accession:237595
"Interneurons are critical for the proper functioning of neural circuits. While often morphologically complex, dendritic integration and its role in neuronal output have been ignored for decades, treating interneurons as linear point neurons. Exciting new findings suggest that interneuron dendrites support complex, nonlinear computations: sublinear integration of EPSPs in the cerebellum, coupled to supralinear calcium accumulations and supralinear voltage integration in the hippocampus. These findings challenge the point neuron dogma and call for a new theory of interneuron arithmetic. Using detailed, biophysically constrained models, we predict that dendrites of FS basket cells in both hippocampus and mPFC come in two flavors: supralinear, supporting local sodium spikes within large-volume branches and sublinear, in small-volume branches. Synaptic activation of varying sets of these dendrites leads to somatic firing variability that cannot be explained by the point neuron reduction. Instead, a 2-stage Artificial Neural Network (ANN), with both sub- and supralinear hidden nodes, captures most of the variance. We propose that FS basket cells have substantially expanded computational capabilities sub-served by their non-linear dendrites and act as a 2-layer ANN."
Reference:
1 . Tzilivaki A, Kastellakis G, Poirazi P (2019) Challenging the point neuron dogma: FS basket cells as 2-stage nonlinear integrators Nature Communications 10(1):3664 [PubMed]
Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Neuron or other electrically excitable cell;
Brain Region(s)/Organism: Hippocampus; Prefrontal cortex (PFC);
Cell Type(s): Hippocampus CA3 interneuron basket GABA cell; Neocortex layer 5 interneuron;
Channel(s):
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s):
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: NEURON; MATLAB; Python;
Model Concept(s): Active Dendrites; Detailed Neuronal Models;
Implementer(s): Tzilivaki, Alexandra [alexandra.tzilivaki at charite.de]; Kastellakis, George [gkastel at gmail.com];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  Hippocampus CA3 interneuron basket GABA cell;
/
TzilivakiEtal_FSBCs_model
Multicompartmental_Biophysical_models
mechanism
x86_64
ampa.mod *
ampain.mod *
cadyn.mod *
cadynin.mod *
cal.mod *
calc.mod *
calcb.mod *
can.mod *
cancr.mod *
canin.mod *
car.mod *
cat.mod *
catcb.mod *
cpampain.mod *
gabaa.mod *
gabaain.mod *
gabab.mod *
h.mod *
hcb.mod *
hin.mod *
ican.mod *
iccb.mod *
iccr.mod *
icin.mod *
iks.mod *
ikscb.mod *
ikscr.mod *
iksin.mod *
kadist.mod *
kadistcr.mod *
kadistin.mod *
kaprox.mod *
kaproxcb.mod *
kaproxin.mod *
kca.mod *
kcain.mod *
kct.mod *
kctin.mod *
kdr.mod *
kdrcb.mod *
kdrcr.mod *
kdrin.mod *
naf.mod *
nafcb.mod *
nafcr.mod *
nafin.mod *
nafx.mod *
nap.mod *
netstim.mod *
NMDA.mod *
NMDAIN.mod *
sinclamp.mod *
vecstim.mod *
                            


NEURON	{ 
  ARTIFICIAL_CELL NetStim1
  RANGE y
  RANGE interval, number, start
  RANGE noise, burstP


}

PARAMETER {
	interval	= 10 (ms) <1e-9,1e9>: time between spikes (msec)
	number 		= 10
        start		= 100 (ms)	: start of first spike
	noise		= 0 <0,1>	: amount of randomeaness (0.0 - 1.0)
	burstP		= 100 (ms)      : period of bursts or recursive events

}

ASSIGNED {
	y
	event (ms)
	on
	end (ms)
}

PROCEDURE seed(x) {
	set_seed(x)
}

INITIAL {
	on = 0
	y = 0
:	i = 0
	if (noise < 0) {
		noise = 0
	}
	if (noise > 1) {
		noise = 1
	}
	if (start >= 0 && number > 0) {
		: randomize the first spike so on average it occurs at
		: start + noise*interval
		event = start + invl(interval) - interval*(1. - noise)
		: but not earlier than 0
		if (event < 0) {
			event = 0
		}

		net_send(event, 3)
		net_send(event + burstP, 3)
		
		
	}
	
}
PROCEDURE init_sequence(t(ms)) { 
	if (number > 0) {
		on = 1
		event = t
		end = t + 1e-6 + invl(interval)*(number-1)
	}
}

FUNCTION invl(mean (ms)) (ms) {
	if (mean <= 0.) {
		mean = .01 (ms) : I would worry if it were 0.
	}
	if (noise == 0) {
		invl = mean
	}else{
		invl = (1. - noise)*mean + noise*mean*exprand(1)
	}
}

PROCEDURE event_time() {
	if (number > 0) {
		event = event + invl(interval)
	}
	if (event > end) {
		on = 0
	}
}

NET_RECEIVE (w) {
	if (flag == 0) { : external event
		if (w > 0 && on == 0) { : turn on spike sequence
			init_sequence(t)
			net_send(0, 1)
		}else if (w < 0 && on == 1) { : turn off spiking
			on = 0
		}
	}
	if (flag == 3) { : from INITIAL
		if (on == 0) {
			init_sequence(t)
			net_send(0, 1)
		}
	}
	if (flag == 1 && on == 1) {
		y = 2
		net_event(t)
		event_time()
		if (on == 1) {
			net_send(event - t, 1)
		}
		net_send(.1, 2)
	}
	if (flag == 2) {
		y = 0
	}
}

COMMENT
Presynaptic spike generator
---------------------------

This mechanism has been written to be able to use synapses in a single
neuron receiving various types of presynaptic trains.  This is a "fake"
presynaptic compartment containing a spike generator.  The trains
of spikes can be either periodic or noisy (Poisson-distributed)

Parameters;
   noise: 	between 0 (no noise-periodic) and 1 (fully noisy)
   interval: 	mean time between spikes (ms)
   number: 	mean number of spikes

Written by Z. Mainen, modified by A. Destexhe, The Salk Institute

Modified by Michael Hines for use with CVode
The intrinsic bursting parameters have been removed since
generators can stimulate other generators to create complicated bursting
patterns with independent statistics (see below)

Modified by Michael Hines to use logical event style with NET_RECEIVE
This stimulator can also be triggered by an input event.
If the stimulator is in the on=0 state and receives a positive weight
event, then the stimulator changes to the on=1 state and goes through
its entire spike sequence before changing to the on=0 state. During
that time it ignores any positive weight events. If, in the on=1 state,
the stimulator receives a negative weight event, the stimulator will
change to the off state. In the off state, it will ignore negative weight
events. A change to the on state immediately fires the first spike of
its sequence.

ENDCOMMENT


Loading data, please wait...