Inhibitory network bistability explains increased activity prior to seizure onset (Rich et al 2020)

 Download zip file 
Help downloading and running models
Accession:266435
" ... the mechanisms predisposing an inhibitory network toward increased activity, specifically prior to ictogenesis, without a permanent change to inputs to the system remain unknown. We address this question by comparing simulated inhibitory networks containing control interneurons and networks containing hyperexcitable interneurons modeled to mimic treatment with 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), an agent commonly used to model seizures in vivo and in vitro. Our in silico study demonstrates that model inhibitory networks with 4-AP interneurons are more prone than their control counterparts to exist in a bistable state in which asynchronously firing networks can abruptly transition into synchrony driven by a brief perturbation. This transition into synchrony brings about a corresponding increase in overall firing rate. We further show that perturbations driving this transition could arise in vivo from background excitatory synaptic activity in the cortex. Thus, we propose that bistability explains the increase in interneuron activity observed experimentally prior to seizure via a transition from incoherent to coherent dynamics. Moreover, bistability explains why inhibitory networks containing hyperexcitable interneurons are more vulnerable to this change in dynamics, and how such networks can undergo a transition without a permanent change in the drive. ..."
Reference:
1 . Rich S, Chameh HM, Rafiee M, Ferguson K, Skinner FK, Valiante TA (2020) Inhibitory Network Bistability Explains Increased Interneuronal Activity Prior to Seizure Onset. Front Neural Circuits 13:81 [PubMed]
Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Synapse;
Brain Region(s)/Organism:
Cell Type(s): Abstract Izhikevich neuron;
Channel(s): I Potassium;
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s):
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s): Gaba;
Simulation Environment: C or C++ program;
Model Concept(s): Synchronization; Epilepsy;
Implementer(s): Rich, Scott [sbrich at umich.edu];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  I Potassium; Gaba;
/
CorticalInhibitoryNetwork-master
README.md
columnlegend.m
conv_gaussian.m
convert_spiketimes.m
getpos.m
golomb_measure.m
golomb_synch.m
InhibitoryCortex_pulse_0713.m
InhibitoryCortex_pulse_2d_FullWithRep_0905.m
InhibitoryCortex_pulse_bistabilitymeasure_zoom_repetitions_0823.m
InhibitoryCortex_pulse_stitchtogether_0709.m
InhibitoryCortex_pulse_stitchtogether_full_repetitions_0822.m
InhibitoryCortex_pulse_stitchtogether_zoom_0726.m
InhibitoryCortex_pulse_stitchtogether_zoom_repetitions_0813.m
InhibitoryCortex_pulse_zoom_0726.m
InhibitoryNetwork_cortex.sh
InhibitoryNetwork_cortex_0712.c
InhibitoryNetwork_cortex_IF_0615.c
InhibitoryNetwork_cortex_submit_0812.sh
InhibitoryNetwork_cortex_submit_zoom_0725.sh
InhibitoryNetwork_SortedRaster.m
legendflex.m
legendtitle.m
LICENSE *
mtit.m
parseArgs.m *
PlottingFICurves_v1.m
savemultfigs.m
subaxis.m *
suplabel.m
                            
function varargout = legendflex(varargin)
%LEGENDFLEX Creates a more flexible legend
%
% legendflex(M, param1, val1, ...)
% legendflex(h, M, param1, val1, ...)
% [legend_h,object_h,plot_h,text_str] = legendflex(...)
% 
% This offers a more flexible version of the legend command.  It offers a
% different method of positioning the legend, as well as options to:
%
%   - organize legend text and symbols in a grid with a specified number of
%     rows and/or columns 
%   - rescale the horizontal space used by each legend symbol
%   - create multiple legends for the same axis
%   - add a title to the legend within the legend box
%
% Unlike in the default legend command, where the legend is positioned
% relative to the labeled objects' parent axis according to one of 16
% location strings, this function positions the legend based on two anchor
% points (one on either the figure or a child object of a figure, and one
% on the legend itself) and a buffer (or offset) between these two anchor
% points. The anchor points refer to the corners and centers of each
% side of the box surrounding the reference object and the legend itself;
% they can be refered to either as numbers (1-8, clockwise from northwest
% corner) or strings ('nw', 'n', 'ne', 'e', 'se', 's', 'sw', 'w').  The
% position of the legend is determined by these two points and the distance
% between them, defined in the 'buffer' variable, which by default is
% measured in pixels.  So the combination of
% 
%  (..., 'ref', gca, 'anchor', [3 3], 'buffer', [-10 -10])
%
% means that you want the northeast corner of the current axis to be
% aligned with the northeast corner of the legend, but with the legend
% shifted 10 pixels to the left and down. 
%
% This method of positioning can be particularly useful when labeling a
% figure that includes many subplots that share a common color scheme,
% where the "best" location for a legend is not necessarily within the
% bounds of an axis.  Unlike the legend command, the axes in the figure are
% never resized (and it is up to the user to check that the legend fits on
% the figure in the specified location).  In addition to being easier than
% manually positioning a legend, this function updates the legend location
% when the figure is resized, preserving the desired alignment.  The
% following anchor/buffer combinations, when used with the default
% reference and a buffer unit of pixels, approximately replicate the
% typical legend locations:
%
% Specifier              Anchor    Buffer
% 
% north                  [2 2]     [  0 -10]
% south                  [6 6]     [  0  10]
% east                   [4 4]     [-10   0]
% west                   [8 8]     [ 10   0]
% northeast              [3 3]     [-10 -10]
% northwest              [1 1]     [ 10 -10]
% southeast              [5 5]     [-10  10]
% southwest              [7 7]     [ 10  10]
% northoutside*          [2 6]     [  0  10]
% southoutside*          [6 2]     [  0 -10]
% eastoutside*           [3 8]     [ 10   0]
% westoutside*           [8 3]     [-10   0]
% northeastoutside*      [3 1]     [ 10   0]
% northwestoutside*      [1 3]     [-10   0]
% southeastoutside*      [5 7]     [ 10   0]
% southwestoutside*      [7 5]     [-10   0]  *placed outside axis rather
%                                              than resizing plot box
%
% This function should support all types of plot objects.
%
% Updates to labeled line and patch properties should be reflected in the
% legend.  In pre-R2014b versions of Matlab (those that use the old
% non-object graphics handles), properties of more complex legend labels,
% such as contours, quivers, bars, etc.) will also be synced to the legend;
% however, at this time, the code doesn't update properties for anything
% other than lines and patches in R2014b+ (haven't found a good way to
% listen for changes to the properties of the other graphics object types).
%
% A note on resizing: This function assigns a resize function to the parent
% figure to maintain the position of the legend (in terms of anchor
% location and buffer) as the figure size changes.  If you manually resize
% the legend, this function will respect changes to height, width, and
% units (though I don't recommend changing the units to 'normalized', as
% this can cause the text and symbols to overflow the legend box on
% resize).  It will not respect manual repositioning when resizing, since
% it assumes you want to maintain the anchor/buffer prescription used to
% create it.  Overall, I've tried to make this resize as unobtrusive as
% possible; if your figure already has a resize function at the time you
% apply it, that behavior is inherited, with the legend-resize called
% afterward.  If you plan to further modify the figure's resize function
% post-legendflex and want to maintain repositioning of the legends,
% retrieve the resize function via hfun = get(hfig, 'ResizeFcn'), pass it
% to the new resize function, and invoke it via feval(oldfun, h, ed), where
% h and ed are the default variables passed by a callback function.
%
% Input variables:
%
%   M:          cell array of strings, labels for legend
%
%   h:          handle of axis or handle(s) of object(s) to be labeled.  If
%               this is an axis handle, all children of the axis will be
%               included in the legend.  If not included, current axis is
%               used.
%
% Optional input variables (passed as parameter/value pairs): [default]
%
%   ncol:       number of columns, or 0 to indicate as many as necessary
%               given the # of labeled objects [1 if nrow is 0, 0
%               otherwise] 
%
%   nrow:       number of rows, or 0 to indicate as many as necessary
%               given the # of labeled objects [0]
%
%   ref:        handle of object used to position the legend. This can be
%               either a figure or a child object of a figure (and does not
%               need to relate in any way to the objects being labeled).
%               If not included, the reference will be to the axis that a
%               normal legend would be associated with (usually the parent
%               axis of the labeled objects, unless objects from multiple
%               axes are passed, in which case it's the parent object of
%               the first labeled object).
%
%   anchor:     1 x 2 array specifying which points of the reference object
%               and new legend, respectively, to anchor to each other.
%               Anchor points can be described using either numbers (in a 1
%               x 2 double array) or directional strings (in a 1 x 2 cell
%               array) as follows:
%               1:  'nw'    upper left corner
%               2:  'n'     center of top edge
%               3:  'ne'    upper right corner
%               4:  'e'     center of right edge
%               5:  'se'    bottom right corner
%               6:  's'     center of bottom edge
%               7:  'sw'    bottom left corner
%               8:  'w'     center of left edge         
%
%               [[3 3], i.e. {'ne' 'ne'}]
%
%   buffer:     1 x 2 array of horizontal and vertical distance,
%               respectively, from the reference anchor point to the legend
%               anchor point. Distance is measured in units specified by
%               bufferunit. [[-10 -10]]
%               
%   bufferunit: unit for buffer distance.  Note that this property only
%               affects the units used to position the legend, not the
%               units for the legend itself (which is always a fixed size,
%               based on the space needed to encapsulate the specified
%               symbols and text).  The 'normalized' units are normalized
%               to size of the figure. ['pixels']   
%
%   box:        'on' or 'off', specifies whether to enclose legend objects
%               in a box ['on']
%
%   xscale:     scalar value indicating scale factor to apply to the width
%               required by each symbol, relative to the size used by
%               legend. For example, 0.5 will shorten the lines/patches by
%               half. [1]
%
%   title:      A title string to be added inside the legend box, centered,
%               above all legend entries.  This can be either a string or a
%               cell array of strings; the latter will produce a multi-line
%               title. If empty, no title is added.  ['']
%
%   padding:    1 x 3 array, pixel spacing added to beginning of each
%               column (before symbol), between symbol and text, and after
%               text, respectively.  Usually, the default provides the
%               spacing typical of a regular legend, but occassionally the
%               extent properties wrap a little too close to text, making
%               things look crowded; in these cases you can try unsquishing
%               (or squishing, via use of negative values) things via this
%               parameter. [2 1 1]   
%
%   nolisten:   logical scalar.  If true, don't add the event listeners.
%               The event listeners update the legend objects when you
%               change a property of the labeled objects (such as line
%               style, color, etc.).  However, the updating requires the
%               legend to be redrawn, which can really slow things down,
%               especially if you're labelling lots of objects that get
%               changed together (if you change the line width of 100
%               labeled lines, the legend gets redrawn 100 times).  In more
%               recent releases, this also occurs when printing to file, so
%               I recommend setting this to true if you plan to print a
%               legend with a large number of labeled objects.  The legend
%               will still be redrawn on figure resize regardless of the
%               value of this parameter. [false]
%
%   In addition to these legendflex-specific parameters, this function will
%   accept any parameter accepted by the original legend function (e.g.
%   font properties) except 'location', 'boxon', 'boxoff', or 'hide'.
%
% Output variables:
%
%   legend_h:   handle of the legend axis.  It is not linked to an axis or
%               graphics objects in the same way as a Matlab legend.
%               However, on figure resize, all properties of the legend
%               objects are checked for changes, so adjusting the figure
%               size can re-link the legend to the labeled objects after
%               you have made changes to those objects.
% 
%   object_h:   handles of the line, patch, and text graphics objects
%               created in the legend 
% 
%   plot_h:     handles of the lines and other objects labeled in this
%               legend
% 
%   text_str:   cell array of the text strings used in the legend
%
%
% Example:
%
% % Replicating an example from legend.m:
%
% figure;
% b = bar(rand(10,5),'stacked'); colormap(summer); hold on
% x = plot(1:10,5*rand(10,1),'marker','square','markersize',12,...
%          'markeredgecolor','y','markerfacecolor',[.6 0 .6],...
%          'linestyle','-','color','r','linewidth',2); hold off
% lbl = {'Carrots','Peas','Peppers','Green Beans','Cucumbers','Eggplant'};
%
% % Rather than covering up data or resizing the axis, let's squeeze the
% % legend into the margin at the top of the figure;
%
% legendflex([b,x], lbl, 'ref', gcf, ...
%                        'anchor', {'n','n'}, ...
%                        'buffer',[0 0], ...
%                        'nrow',2, ...
%                        'fontsize',8);

% Copyright 2011-2014 Kelly Kearney

% Detemine whether HG2 is in use

hg2flag = ~verLessThan('matlab', '8.4.0');
r2016aflag = ~verLessThan('matlab', '9.0.0');

%-------------------
% Parse input
%-------------------
% 
% allinput = varargin; % Save for callback later
% 
% islegin = false(size(varargin));

% First inputs must be either:
% (M, ...)
% (h, M, ...)

narginchk(1,Inf);

% Split input into the variables that will be passed to legend (handles and
% labels) and everything else

handlepassed = all(ishandle(varargin{1})); % for HG1/HG2 

if handlepassed
    legin = varargin(1:2);
    if ~iscell(legin{2}) || ~all(cellfun(@ischar, legin{2}))
        error('Legend labels must be a cell array of strings');
    end
    pv = varargin(3:end);
else
    legin = varargin(1);
    if ~iscell(legin{1}) || ~all(cellfun(@ischar, legin{1}))
        if isnumeric(legin{1})
            error('Unable to parse input 1; check that handle(s) exist');
        else
            error('Legend labels must be a cell array of strings');
        end
    end
    pv = varargin(2:end);
end

% Parse my optional properties

if hg2flag
    defref = gobjects(0);
else
    defref = NaN;
end

p = inputParser;
p.addParameter('xscale',     1,         @(x) validateattributes(x, {'numeric'}, {'nonnegative','scalar'}));
p.addParameter('ncol',       0,         @(x) validateattributes(x, {'numeric'}, {'scalar', 'integer'}));
p.addParameter('nrow',       0,         @(x) validateattributes(x, {'numeric'}, {'scalar', 'integer'}));
p.addParameter('ref',        defref,    @(x) validateattributes(x, {'numeric','handle'}, {'scalar'}));
p.addParameter('anchor',     [3 3],     @(x) validateattributes(x, {'numeric','cell'}, {'size', [1 2]}));
p.addParameter('buffer',     [-10 -10], @(x) validateattributes(x, {'numeric'}, {'size', [1 2]}));
p.addParameter('bufferunit', 'pixels',  @(x) validateattributes(x, {'char'}, {}));
p.addParameter('box',        'on',      @(x) validateattributes(x, {'char'}, {}));
p.addParameter('title',      '',        @(x) validateattributes(x, {'char','cell'}, {}));
p.addParameter('padding',    [2 1 1],   @(x) validateattributes(x, {'numeric'}, {'size', [1 3]})); % 'nonnegative'
p.addParameter('nolisten',   false,     @(x) validateattributes(x, {'logical'}, {'scalar'}));

p.KeepUnmatched = true;

p.parse(pv{:});
Opt = p.Results;

% Any parameters that don't match mine are assumed to be a legend property.
%  If not, legend will handle the error when I call it.

Extra = p.Unmatched;
extra = [fieldnames(Extra) struct2cell(Extra)];
extra = extra';

% Validate that units and box inputs are correct

validatestring(Opt.bufferunit, {'pixels','normalized','inches','centimeters','points','characters'}, 'legendflex', 'bufferunit');
validatestring(Opt.box, {'on', 'off'}, 'legendflex', 'box');

% Translate anchor strings to numbers, if necessary

if iscell(Opt.anchor)
    [blah, Opt.anchor] = ismember(Opt.anchor, {'nw','n','ne','e','se','s','sw','w'});
    if ~all(blah)
        error('Anchor must be 1 x 2 cell array of strings: n, e, s, w, ne, nw, se, sw');
    end
else
    validateattributes(Opt.anchor, {'numeric'}, {'integer', '<=', 8}, 'legendflex', 'anchor');
end

% Create a temporary legend to get all the objects

S = warning('off', 'MATLAB:legend:PlotEmpty');
if r2016aflag
    % The new legend objects are pretty opaque... even diving into the 
    % undocumented properties, I haven't been able to find the handles of 
    % the legend sub-components (lines, text, etc).  So I need to stick to 
    % the legacy version, which creates an axis object rather than legend 
    % object. Legacy version has bug in text properties parsing, though, so 
    % need to work around that too: use the new-style legend object to get
    % proper text properties, then use those to alter the buggy old-style
    % legend.
    tmp = legend(legin{:}, extra{:}, 'location', 'northeast');
    textProps = {'FontAngle','FontName','FontSize','FontUnits','FontWeight','Interpreter'};
    tprop = get(tmp, textProps);
    delete(tmp);
    wtmp = warning('off', 'MATLAB:handle_graphics:exceptions:SceneNode'); % silence Latex interpreter thing
    [h.leg, h.obj, h.labeledobj, h.textstr] = legend(legin{:}, extra{:}, 'location', 'northeast');
    warning(wtmp);
    nobj = length(h.labeledobj);
    for it = 1:length(textProps)
        set(h.obj(1:nobj), textProps{it}, tprop{it});
    end
else
    [h.leg, h.obj, h.labeledobj, h.textstr] = legend(legin{:}, extra{:}, 'location', 'northeast');
    nobj = length(h.labeledobj);
end
warning(S);

if nobj == 0
    warning('Plot empty; no legend created');
    return
end

% There's a bug in R2014b-R2015a that causes rendering issues if a contour
% object is included in a legend and legend is called with more than one
% output. For some reason, the rendering issues disappear only if the
% contour object(s) is listed last in the legend.  So for now, my
% workaround for this is to change the order of the legend labels as
% necessary.  Issue appears to be fixed in 2015b.

iscont = strcmp(get(h.labeledobj, 'type'), 'contour');
cbugflag = ~verLessThan('matlab', '8.4.0') && verLessThan('matlab', '8.6.0') && any(iscont);

if cbugflag
    
    if length(legin) == 1
        legin = {h.labeledobj legin{1}};
    end
        
    delete(h.leg);
    
    [srt, isrt] = sort(iscont);
    legin{1} = legin{1}(isrt);
    legin{2} = legin{2}(isrt);
    
    [h.leg, h.obj, h.labeledobj, h.textstr] = legend(legin{:}, extra{:}, 'location', 'northeast');

end

% # rows and columns

if (Opt.ncol == 0) && (Opt.nrow == 0)
    Opt.ncol = 1;
    Opt.nrow = nobj;
elseif (Opt.ncol == 0)
    Opt.ncol = ceil(nobj./Opt.nrow);
elseif (Opt.nrow == 0)
    Opt.nrow = ceil(nobj./Opt.ncol);
end
if Opt.ncol*Opt.nrow < nobj
    error('Number of legend entries greater than specified grid allows; change ncol and/or nrow');
end

% Reference object

if hg2flag

    if isempty(Opt.ref)
    
        if all(ishandle(legin{1}))
            tmp = ancestor(legin{1}, 'axes');
            if iscell(tmp)
                Opt.ref = tmp{1}; 
            else
                Opt.ref = tmp(1);
            end
        else
            Opt.ref = gca;
        end

    end
else
    if isnan(Opt.ref)
        tmp = get(h.leg, 'UserData');
        Opt.ref = tmp.PlotHandle; 
    end
end
if ~ishandle(Opt.ref)
    error('Input ref must be a graphics handle');
end

% Box

Opt.box = strcmpi('on', Opt.box);

% Convert units to getpos abbreviations

unittable = {...
    'px'  'Pixels'
    'nz'  'Normalized'
    'in'  'Inches'
    'cm'  'Centimeters'
    'pt'  'Points'
    'ch'  'Characters'};
Opt.bufunit = unittable{strcmpi(unittable(:,2),Opt.bufferunit),1};

% Check for title

addtitle = ~isempty(Opt.title);

%-------------------
% New placement of
% everything in 
% legend
%-------------------

% Determine parent figure

figh = ancestor(Opt.ref, 'figure');
currax = get(figh, 'currentaxes'); 

% Calculate row height

legpospx = getpos(h.leg, 'px');

% rowHeight = legpospx(4)/nobj;
vmarginNm =  0.275/nobj;
vmarginPx = legpospx(4) * vmarginNm;

rowHeightNm = (1 - vmarginNm)/nobj;
rowHeight = rowHeightNm .* legpospx(4);

% Determine width needed for each text string

if nobj == 1
    textExtent = get(h.obj(1:nobj), 'Extent');
else
    textExtent = cell2mat(get(h.obj(1:nobj), 'Extent'));
end
textWidthPx  = textExtent(:,3) .* legpospx(3);
textHeightPx = textExtent(:,4) .* legpospx(4);
textWidthNm = textExtent(:,3);

% Calculate horizontal space needed for symbols

symbolWidthPx = textExtent(1,1) .* legpospx(3) * Opt.xscale;
symbolWidthNm = textExtent(1,1);

% Calculate column width needed for 2px-symbol-1px-text-1px

colWidth = zeros(Opt.ncol*Opt.nrow,1);
colWidth(1:nobj) = textWidthPx + symbolWidthPx + sum(Opt.padding);
colWidth = reshape(colWidth, Opt.nrow, Opt.ncol);
colWidth = max(colWidth,[],1);

% If title is added, figure out how much space it will need

if addtitle
    textProps = {'FontAngle','FontName','FontSize','FontUnits','FontWeight','Interpreter'};
    textVals = get(h.obj(1), textProps);
    ttlprops = [textProps; textVals];
    
    fpos = getpos(figh, 'px');
    figtmp = figure('units','pixels','position',[0 0 fpos(3:4)],'visible','off');
    axes('parent',figtmp,'position',[0 0 1 1],'xlim',[0 fpos(3)],'ylim',[0 fpos(4)]);
    tmp = text(0,0,Opt.title, ttlprops{:}, 'horiz', 'left', 'vert', 'bottom');
    ttlex = get(tmp, 'extent');
    ttlwidth = ceil(ttlex(3)) + 4; % Add a little padding
    ttlheight = ceil(ttlex(4));
    
    if ttlwidth > sum(colWidth)
        colWidth(end) = colWidth(end) + (ttlwidth-sum(colWidth));
    end
    close(figtmp);
end

% Locate bottom left corner of each legend symbol, text box, and title

xsymbnew = [0 cumsum(colWidth(1:end-1))]+Opt.padding(1);
ysymbnew = (rowHeight*Opt.nrow + vmarginPx)-(1:Opt.nrow)*rowHeight;
[xsymbnew, ysymbnew] = meshgrid(xsymbnew, ysymbnew);
xsymbnew = xsymbnew(1:nobj);
ysymbnew = ysymbnew(1:nobj);

xtext = xsymbnew + Opt.padding(2) + symbolWidthPx;
ytext = ysymbnew;% + 1;

xsymbold = zeros(nobj,1);
ysymbold = 1 - (1/nobj)*(1:nobj);

wnewleg = sum(colWidth);
hnewleg = rowHeight*Opt.nrow + vmarginPx;

if addtitle
    xttl = wnewleg/2;
    yttl = hnewleg;
    hnewleg = hnewleg + ttlheight;
end
    
% Get legend position in bufferunit and translate to pixels

legpos = positionleg(Opt.ref, wnewleg, hnewleg, Opt.anchor, Opt.buffer, Opt.bufunit);
tmpax = axes('units', Opt.bufferunit, 'position', legpos,'visible','off');
legpos = getpos(tmpax, 'px');
delete(tmpax);

%-------------------
% Create legend
%-------------------

% Create the legend axis

hnew.leg = axes('units', 'pixels', ...
               'position', legpos, ...
               'xlim', [0 legpos(3)], ...
               'ylim', [0 legpos(4)], ...
               'xtick', [], ...
               'ytick', [], ...
               'box', 'on', ...
               'parent', figh);

% Copy the text strings to the new legend
           
textProps = {'FontAngle','FontName','FontSize','FontUnits','FontWeight','Interpreter','HorizontalAlignment','VerticalAlignment'};
textVals = get(h.obj(1:nobj), textProps);

if hg2flag
    hnew.obj = gobjects(size(h.obj));
else
    hnew.obj = zeros(size(h.obj));
end
for it = 1:nobj
    props = [textProps; textVals(it,:)];
    hnew.obj(it) = text(xtext(it), ytext(it), h.textstr{it}, props{:}, ...
                        'horizontalalignment', 'left', ...
                        'verticalalignment', 'bottom');
end

% Copy the symbols to the new legend

nsymbol = length(h.obj) - nobj;

for ii = 1:nsymbol
    
    if strcmp(get(h.obj(nobj+ii), 'type'), 'hggroup')
        
        tag = get(h.obj(nobj+ii),'Tag');
        if ~isempty(tag)
            [blah, idx] = ismember(tag,h.textstr);
        end
        
        chld = findall(h.obj(nobj+ii), 'type', 'line', '-or', 'type', 'patch');       
        for ic = 1:length(chld)
            xy = get(chld(ic), {'xdata', 'ydata'});
            
            xnorm = xy{1}./symbolWidthNm;
            ynorm = (xy{2}- (1-idx*rowHeightNm))./rowHeightNm;

            xnew = xnorm * symbolWidthPx + xsymbnew(idx);
            ynew = ynorm * rowHeight     + ysymbnew(idx);
            
            set(chld(ic), 'xdata', xnew, 'ydata', ynew);
        end
        
        hnew.obj(nobj+ii) = copyobj(h.obj(nobj+ii), hnew.leg);
        
    else   
        
        hnew.obj(nobj+ii) = copyobj(h.obj(nobj+ii), hnew.leg);
        
        tag = get(h.obj(nobj+ii),'Tag');
        if ~isempty(tag) % assumes empty tags indicate repetition of previous tag (true pre-2014b)
            [blah, idx] = ismember(tag,h.textstr);
        end
        
        xy = get(h.obj(nobj+ii), {'xdata', 'ydata'});

        xnorm = xy{1}./symbolWidthNm;
        ynorm = (xy{2}- (1-idx*rowHeightNm))./rowHeightNm;

        xnew = xnorm * symbolWidthPx + xsymbnew(idx);
        ynew = ynorm * rowHeight     + ysymbnew(idx);

        set(hnew.obj(nobj+ii), 'xdata', xnew, 'ydata', ynew);
 
    end
    
end

% Add title

if addtitle
    text(xttl, yttl, Opt.title, ttlprops{:}, 'horiz', 'center', 'vert', 'bottom');
end

% Add box or hide axis

if Opt.box
    set(hnew.leg, 'box', 'on');
else
    set(hnew.leg, 'visible', 'off');
end

% Delete the temporary legend

delete(h.leg);

% Return focus to previously-current axis

set(figh, 'currentaxes', currax);
drawnow; % Not sure why this is necessary for the currentaxes to take effect, but it is

% Fix for vertical-alignment issue: This solution still isn't perfect, but
% it seems to help for most Interpreter-none and Interpreter-latex cases.
% The TeX interpreter still places sub- and superscripts too high/low... no
% robust fix found for that yet.
%
% TODO: need to add proper calcs for when title included
%
% Thanks to Søren Enemark for this suggestion.

if ~addtitle
    try % TODO: Crashing on some edge cases
        textobj = hnew.obj(1:nobj);
        yheight = get(hnew.leg, 'ylim');
        yheight = yheight(2);

        ylo = get(textobj(Opt.nrow), 'extent');
        ylo = ylo(2);
        yhi = get(textobj(1), 'extent');
        yhi = sum(yhi([2 4]));
        dy = yheight/2 - 0.5*(ylo + yhi);
        for ii = 1:length(textobj)
            pos = get(textobj(ii), 'position');
            set(textobj(ii), 'position', pos + [0 dy 0]);
        end
    end
end

%-------------------
% Callbacks and 
% listeners
%-------------------

% Save some relevant variables in the new legend axis's application data

Lf.ref        = Opt.ref;
Lf.w          = wnewleg;
Lf.h          = hnewleg;
Lf.anchor     = Opt.anchor;
Lf.buffer     = Opt.buffer;
Lf.bufunit    = Opt.bufunit;
Lf.bufferunit = Opt.bufferunit;
Lf.plotobj    = h.labeledobj;
Lf.legobj     = hnew.obj;

setappdata(hnew.leg, 'legflex', Lf);

% Resize listeners

addlistener(hnew.leg, 'Position', 'PostSet', @(src,evt) updatelegappdata(src,evt,hnew.leg));
if hg2flag && strcmp(Lf.ref.Type, 'figure')
    addlistener(Lf.ref, 'SizeChanged', @(src,evt) updatelegpos(src,evt,hnew.leg));
else
    addlistener(Lf.ref, 'Position', 'PostSet', @(src,evt) updatelegpos(src,evt,hnew.leg));
end
rsz = get(figh, 'ResizeFcn'); 
if isempty(rsz) % No previous resize function
    set(figh, 'ResizeFcn', @updatelegfigresize);
else 
    if ~iscell(rsz)
        rsz = {rsz};
    end
    hasprev = cellfun(@(x) isequal(x, @updatelegfigresize), rsz);
    if ~hasprev
        rsz = {rsz{:} @updatelegfigresize};
        set(figh, 'ResizeFcn', {@wrapper, rsz});
    end
end

if ~Opt.nolisten

    % Run the resync function if anything changes with the labeled objects

    objwatch = findall(h.labeledobj, 'type', 'line', '-or', 'type', 'patch');

    for ii = 1:length(objwatch)
        switch lower(get(objwatch(ii), 'type'))
            case 'line'
                triggerprops = {'Color','LineStyle','LineWidth','Marker','MarkerSize','MarkerEdgeColor','MarkerFaceColor'};
                addlistener(objwatch(ii), triggerprops, 'PostSet', @(h,ed) resyncprops(h,ed,hnew.leg));
            case 'patch'
                triggerprops = {'CData','CDataMapping','EdgeAlpha','EdgeColor','FaceAlpha','FaceColor','LineStyle','LineWidth','Marker','MarkerEdgeColor','MarkerFaceColor','MarkerSize'};
                addlistener(objwatch(ii), triggerprops, 'PostSet', @(h,ed) resyncprops(h,ed,hnew.leg));
        end
    end

end

    
%-------------------
% Output
%-------------------

out = {hnew.leg, hnew.obj, h.labeledobj, h.textstr};
varargout = out(1:nargout);


%***** Subfunctions *****

%------------------------
% Position new legend
%------------------------

function legpos = positionleg(href, w, h, anchor, buffer, bufunit)
% ap: position vector for reference object
% lp: position vector for legend

if strcmp(get(href, 'type'), 'figure')
    tmp = axes('parent', href,'position', [0 0 1 1],'visible','off');
    pos = getpos(tmp, bufunit);
    delete(tmp);
else
    pos = getpos(href, bufunit);
end

htmp = axes('units', 'pixels', 'position', [0 0 w h], 'visible','off');
lpos = getpos(htmp, bufunit);
delete(htmp);
w = lpos(3);
h = lpos(4);

% Find anchor locations on reference object

refxy = [...
    pos(1)          pos(2)+pos(4)
    pos(1)+pos(3)/2 pos(2)+pos(4)
    pos(1)+pos(3)   pos(2)+pos(4)
    pos(1)+pos(3)   pos(2)+pos(4)/2
    pos(1)+pos(3)   pos(2)
    pos(1)+pos(3)/2 pos(2)
    pos(1)          pos(2)
    pos(1)          pos(2)+pos(4)/2];

% How bottom left relates to each anchor point

shift = [...
    0       -h
    -w/2    -h
    -w      -h
    -w      -h/2
    -w      0
    -w/2    0
    0       0
    0       -h/2];

% Legend location

corner = refxy(anchor(1),:) + buffer + shift(anchor(2),:);
legpos = [corner w h];

%------------------------
% Listener functions
%------------------------

% If user manually resizes the legend, update the app data

function updatelegappdata(src, evt, legax)
if ishandle(legax)
    Lf = getappdata(legax, 'legflex');
    pos = getpos(legax, 'px');
    Lf.w = pos(3);
    Lf.h = pos(4);
    setappdata(legax, 'legflex', Lf);
end
% If reference object moves or resizes, reposition the legend appropriately

function updatelegpos(src, evt, legax)
if ishandle(legax) 
    Lf = getappdata(legax, 'legflex');
    legpos = positionleg(Lf.ref, Lf.w, Lf.h, Lf.anchor, Lf.buffer, Lf.bufunit);
    set(legax, 'Units', Lf.bufferunit, 'Position', legpos);
end

% Since figure resize can change axis size without actually triggering a
% listener, force this

function updatelegfigresize(src, evt)

allax = findall(src, 'type', 'axes');
for ii = 1:length(allax)
    isleg = ~isempty(getappdata(allax(ii), 'legflex'));
    if ~isleg
        pos = get(allax(ii), 'Position');
        set(allax(ii), 'Position', pos); % No change, just trigger PostSet
    end
end

% If plotted object changes, resync with legend

function resyncprops(src, evt, legax)

if ishandle(legax) % In case it's been deleted
    
    Lf = getappdata(legax, 'legflex');

    str = cellstr(num2str((1:length(Lf.plotobj))'));
    [htmp.leg, htmp.obj, htmp.labeledobj, htmp.textstr] = legend(Lf.plotobj, str);

    objtype = get(Lf.legobj, 'type');
    isline = strcmp(objtype, 'line');
    ispatch = strcmp(objtype, 'patch');
    ishg = strcmp(objtype, 'hggroup');
    hgidx = find(ishg);

    lobj = [Lf.legobj(isline) htmp.obj(isline)];
    pobj = [Lf.legobj(ispatch) htmp.obj(ispatch)];

    if ~isempty(hgidx)
        for ih = hgidx
            chldln1 = findall(Lf.legobj(ih), 'type', 'line');
            chldln2 = findall(htmp.obj(ih), 'type', 'line'); 

            lobj = [lobj; [chldln1 chldln2]];

            chldpa1 = findall(Lf.legobj(ih), 'type', 'patch');
            chldpa2 = findall(htmp.obj(ih), 'type', 'patch'); 

            pobj = [pobj; [chldpa1 chldpa2]];

        end
    end

    lprops = {'color','linestyle','linewidth','marker','markersize','markeredgecolor','markerfacecolor'};
    for il = 1:size(lobj,1)
        lvals = get(lobj(il,2), lprops);
        pv = [lprops; lvals];
        set(lobj(il,1), pv{:});
    end

    pprops = {'cdata','cdatamapping','edgealpha','edgecolor','facealpha','facecolor','linestyle','linewidth','marker','markeredgecolor','markerfacecolor','markersize'};
    for ip = 1:size(pobj,1)
        pvals = get(pobj(ip,2), pprops);
        pv = [pprops; pvals];
        set(pobj(ip,1), pv{:});
    end

    cmap = colormap(htmp.leg);
    colormap(legax, cmap);

    delete(htmp.leg);
end

% Wrapper to add multiple callback functions to resize

function wrapper(ObjH, EventData, fcnList)
for ii = 1:length(fcnList)
    feval(fcnList{ii}, ObjH, EventData);
end






    


Loading data, please wait...