| | Models | Description |
| 1. |
A spiking NN for amplification of feature-selectivity with specific connectivity (Sadeh et al 2015)
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The model simulates large-scale inhibition-dominated spiking networks with different degrees of recurrent specific connectivity. It shows how feature-specific connectivity leads to a linear amplification of feedforward tuning, as reported in recent electrophysiological single-neuron recordings in rodent neocortex. Moreover, feature-specific connectivity leads to the emergence of feature-selective reverberating activity, and entails pattern completion in network responses. |
| 2. |
Dendritic spikes enhance stimulus selectivity in cortical neurons in vivo (Smith et al 2013)
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"Neuronal dendrites are electrically excitable: they can generate regenerative events such as dendritic spikes in response to sufficiently strong synaptic input. Although such events have been observed in many neuronal types, it is not well understood how active dendrites contribute to the tuning of neuronal output in vivo. Here we show that dendritic spikes increase the selectivity of neuronal responses to the orientation of a visual stimulus (orientation tuning). ...". |
| 3. |
Development and Binocular Matching of Orientation Selectivity in Visual Cortex (Xu et al 2020)
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This model investigates the development of orientation selectivity and its binocular matching in visual cortex by implementing a neuron that has plastic synapses for its inputs from the left and right eye. The plasticity is taken to be voltage-based with homeostasis (Clopath et al 2010). The neuron is modeled as an adaptive exponential integrate-fire neuron. The uploaded model has been used in Xu, Cang & Riecke (2020) to analyze the impact of ocular dominance and orientation selectivity on the matching process. There it has been found that the matching can proceed by a slow shifting or a sudden switching of the preferred orientation. |
| 4. |
Development of orientation-selective simple cell receptive fields (Rishikesh and Venkatesh, 2003)
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Implementation of a computational model for the development of
simple-cell receptive fields spanning the regimes before and after eye-opening. The before eye-opening period is governed by a correlation-based rule from Miller (Miller, J. Neurosci., 1994), and the post eye-opening period is governed by a self-organizing, experience-dependent dynamics derived in the reference below. |
| 5. |
Functional balanced networks with synaptic plasticity (Sadeh et al, 2015)
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The model investigates the impact of learning on functional sensory networks.
It uses large-scale recurrent networks of excitatory and inhibitory spiking neurons equipped with synaptic plasticity.
It explains enhancement of orientation selectivity and emergence of feature-specific connectivity in visual cortex of rodents during development, as reported in experiments. |
| 6. |
Mechanisms for stable, robust, and adaptive development of orientation maps (Stevens et al. 2013)
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GCAL (Gain Control, Adaptation, Laterally connected). Simple but robust single-population V1 orientation map model. |
| 7. |
Microcircuits of L5 thick tufted pyramidal cells (Hay & Segev 2015)
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"...
We simulated detailed conductance-based models of
TTCs (Layer 5 thick tufted pyramidal cells) forming recurrent microcircuits that were interconnected as
found experimentally; the network was embedded in a realistic background
synaptic activity.
...
Our findings indicate that dendritic nonlinearities are pivotal in
controlling the gain and the computational functions of TTCs microcircuits,
which serve as a dominant output source for the neocortex.
" |
| 8. |
Neural field model to reconcile structure with function in V1 (Rankin & Chavane 2017)
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"Voltage-sensitive dye imaging experiments in primary visual cortex (V1) have shown that local, oriented visual stimuli elicit stable orientation-selective activation within the stimulus retinotopic footprint. The cortical activation dynamically extends far beyond the retinotopic footprint, but the peripheral spread stays non-selective—a surprising finding given a number of anatomo-functional studies showing the orientation specificity of long-range connections. Here we use a computational model to investigate this apparent discrepancy by studying the expected population response using known published anatomical constraints. The dynamics of input-driven localized states were simulated in a planar neural field model with multiple sub-populations encoding orientation. The realistic connectivity profile has parameters controlling the clustering of long-range connections and their orientation bias. We found substantial overlap between the anatomically relevant parameter range and a steep decay in orientation selective activation that is consistent with the imaging experiments. In this way our study reconciles the reported orientation bias of long-range connections with the functional expression of orientation selective neural activity. Our results demonstrate this sharp decay is contingent on three factors, that long-range connections are sufficiently diffuse, that the orientation bias of these connections is in an intermediate range (consistent with anatomy) and that excitation is sufficiently balanced by inhibition. Conversely, our modelling results predict that, for reduced inhibition strength, spurious orientation selective activation could be generated through long-range lateral connections. Furthermore, if the orientation bias of lateral connections is very strong, or if inhibition is particularly weak, the network operates close to an instability leading to unbounded cortical activation. ..." |
| 9. |
Orientation selectivity in inhibition-dominated recurrent networks (Sadeh and Rotter, 2015)
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Emergence of contrast-invariant orientation selectivity in large-scale networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons using integrate-and-fire neuron models. |
| 10. |
Relative spike time coding and STDP-based orientation selectivity in V1 (Masquelier 2012)
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Phenomenological spiking model of the cat early visual system. We show how natural vision can drive spike time correlations on sufficiently fast time scales to lead to the acquisition of orientation-selective V1 neurons through STDP. This is possible without reference times such as stimulus onsets, or saccade landing times. But even when such reference times are available, we demonstrate that the relative spike times encode the images more robustly than the absolute ones. |
| 11. |
Switching circuit for optimal context integration during static + moving contexts (Voina et al 2022)
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The brain processes information at all times and much of that information is context-dependent.The visual system presents an important example: processing is ongoing, but the context changes dramatically when an animal is still vs. running. How is context-dependent information processing achieved? We take inspiration from recent neurophysiology studies on the role of distinct cell types in primary visual cortex (V1). We find that relatively few “switching units” — akin to the VIP neuron type in V1 in that they turn on and off in the running vs. still context and have connections to and from the main population — are sufficient to drive context dependent image processing. We demonstrate this in a model of feature integration and in a test of image denoising. The underlying circuit architecture illustrates a concrete computational role for the multiple cell types under increasing study across the brain, and may inspire more flexible neurally inspired computing architectures. |
| 12. |
Visual physiology of the layer 4 cortical circuit in silico (Arkhipov et al 2018)
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"Despite advances in experimental techniques and accumulation of large datasets concerning
the composition and properties of the cortex, quantitative modeling of cortical circuits
under in-vivo-like conditions remains challenging. Here we report and publicly release a biophysically
detailed circuit model of layer 4 in the mouse primary visual cortex, receiving thalamo-
cortical visual inputs. The 45,000-neuron model was subjected to a battery of visual
stimuli, and results were compared to published work and new in vivo experiments. ..." |
