Emergence of physiological oscillation frequencies in neocortex simulations (Neymotin et al. 2011)

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Accession:138379
"Coordination of neocortical oscillations has been hypothesized to underlie the "binding" essential to cognitive function. However, the mechanisms that generate neocortical oscillations in physiological frequency bands remain unknown. We hypothesized that interlaminar relations in neocortex would provide multiple intermediate loops that would play particular roles in generating oscillations, adding different dynamics to the network. We simulated networks from sensory neocortex using 9 columns of event-driven rule-based neurons wired according to anatomical data and driven with random white-noise synaptic inputs. ..."
Reference:
1 . Neymotin SA, Lee H, Park E, Fenton AA, Lytton WW (2011) Emergence of physiological oscillation frequencies in a computer model of neocortex. Front Comput Neurosci 5:19 [PubMed]
Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Realistic Network;
Brain Region(s)/Organism: Neocortex;
Cell Type(s): Neocortex L5/6 pyramidal GLU cell; Neocortex L2/3 pyramidal GLU cell; Neocortex V1 interneuron basket PV GABA cell; Neocortex fast spiking (FS) interneuron; Neocortex spiny stellate cell;
Channel(s):
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s): GabaA; AMPA; NMDA; Gaba;
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s): Gaba; Glutamate;
Simulation Environment: NEURON;
Model Concept(s): Activity Patterns; Oscillations; Synchronization; Laminar Connectivity;
Implementer(s): Lytton, William [bill.lytton at downstate.edu]; Neymotin, Sam [Samuel.Neymotin at nki.rfmh.org];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  Neocortex L5/6 pyramidal GLU cell; Neocortex L2/3 pyramidal GLU cell; Neocortex V1 interneuron basket PV GABA cell; GabaA; AMPA; NMDA; Gaba; Gaba; Glutamate;
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readme.txt
intf6_.mod
misc.mod *
nstim.mod *
stats.mod *
vecst.mod
col.hoc
declist.hoc *
decmat.hoc *
decnqs.hoc *
decvec.hoc *
default.hoc *
drline.hoc *
filtutils.hoc
finish_run.hoc
grvec.hoc *
init.hoc *
labels.hoc *
local.hoc *
misc.h
mosinit.hoc
network.hoc
nload.hoc
nqs.hoc *
nqsnet.hoc *
nrnoc.hoc *
params.hoc
python.hoc *
pywrap.hoc *
run.hoc
setup.hoc
simctrl.hoc *
spkts.hoc *
stats.hoc *
syncode.hoc *
xgetargs.hoc *
                            
: $Id: misc.mod,v 1.23 2007/12/07 21:46:51 billl Exp $

COMMENT
Misc. routines:
sassign() // assign a string from system
dassign()// assign a double
nokill() // chatch SIGHUP
prtime() // gives date/time
fspitchar(c,file) // sends single char to a file
spitchar(c)       // sends single char to stdout: eg c=1 => ^A
file_exist(file) // returns 1 if filename exists
hocgetc(file) // get single char from a file

  Note that with a SUFFIX equal to "nothing" these functions do not
have a suffix in hoc.  Thus to call sassign() in hoc use simply type
"sassign()" <- without the quotes.

    file_exist(filename)
        - returns 1 if filename exists

    sassign()  (string assign, written by Bill Lytton)
        - This routine is used to set a string in Hoc to something that has
          been returned by a system call.  sassign("name","shell_call ...")
          will produce a file called "sassign" in the cwd that will contain
          a hoc call that sets string 'name' to the result of shell_call 
          which should be a string.
        
    dassign()  (double assign, written and used by Bill Lytton)
        - This routine is used to set a variable in Hoc to something that has
          been returned by a system call.  sassign("name","shell_call ...")
          will produce a file called "dassign" in the cwd that will contain
          a hoc call that sets variable 'name' to the result of shell_call 
          which should be a number.

ENDCOMMENT
                           
INDEPENDENT {t FROM 0 TO 1 WITH 1 (ms)}

NEURON {
    SUFFIX nothing
}

VERBATIM
#include "misc.h"
#include <unistd.h>     /* F_OK     */
#include <errno.h>      /* errno    */
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>         /* MUST REMEMBER THIS */
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>
ENDVERBATIM

:* FUNCTION file_exist()
FUNCTION file_exist() {
VERBATIM
    /* Returns TRUE if file exists, if file not exist the need to reset
       errno else will get a nrnoc error.  Seems to be a problem even
       if I don't include <errno.h> */

    char *filename;

    filename = gargstr(1);

    if (*filename && !access(filename, F_OK)) {
        _lfile_exist = 1;

    } else {
        /* Errno set to 2 when file not found */
        errno = 0;

        _lfile_exist = 0;
    }
ENDVERBATIM
}

FUNCTION istmpobj () {
VERBATIM
  _listmpobj=hoc_is_tempobj_arg(1);
ENDVERBATIM  
}

:* PROCEDURE sassign()
PROCEDURE sassign() {
VERBATIM
    FILE *pipein;
    char string[BUFSIZ], **strname, *syscall;

    strname = hoc_pgargstr(1);
    syscall = gargstr(2);

    if( !(pipein = popen(syscall, "r"))) {
        fprintf(stderr,"System call failed\n");
        return 0;
    }
    
    if (fgets(string,BUFSIZ,pipein) == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr,"System call did not return a string\n");
        pclose(pipein);
        return 0;
    }

    /*  assign_hoc_str(strname, string, 0); */
    hoc_assign_str(strname, string);

    pclose(pipein);
    errno = 0;
ENDVERBATIM
}

:* PROCEDURE dassign() 
PROCEDURE dassign() {
VERBATIM
    FILE *pipein, *outfile;
    char *strname, *syscall;
    double num;

    strname = gargstr(1);
    syscall = gargstr(2);

    if ( !(outfile = fopen("dassign","w"))) {
        fprintf(stderr,"Can't open output file dassign\n");
        return 0;
    }

    if( !(pipein = popen(syscall, "r"))) {
        fprintf(stderr,"System call failed\n");
        fclose(outfile);
        return 0;
    }
    
    if (fscanf(pipein,"%lf",&num) != 1) {
        fprintf(stderr,"System call did not return a number\n");
        fclose(outfile);
        pclose(pipein);
        return 0;
    }

    fprintf(outfile,"%s=%g\n",strname,num);
    fprintf(outfile,"system(\"rm dassign\")\n");

    fclose(outfile); pclose(pipein);
    errno = 0;
ENDVERBATIM
}

:* PROCEDURE nokill() 
: nohup
PROCEDURE nokill() {
VERBATIM
  signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
ENDVERBATIM
}

:* FUNCTION prtime()
FUNCTION prtime () {
VERBATIM
_lprtime = clock();
ENDVERBATIM
}

:* FUNCTION now ()
FUNCTION now () {
VERBATIM
  _lnow = time((time_t*)0);
  _lnow -= (12784) * 24*60*60; // time from the Epoch to 01/01/05
ENDVERBATIM
}

:* PROCEDURE sleepfor ()
PROCEDURE sleepfor (sec) {
VERBATIM
  struct timespec ts;
  ts.tv_sec = (time_t)_lsec;
  ts.tv_nsec = (long)0;
  nanosleep(&ts,(struct timespec*)0);
ENDVERBATIM
}

:* PROCEDURE spitchar
PROCEDURE spitchar(c) {
VERBATIM
{	
  printf("%c", (int)_lc);
}
ENDVERBATIM
}

:* PROCEDURE spitchar
VERBATIM
static char *pmlc;
ENDVERBATIM

PROCEDURE mymalloc(sz) {
VERBATIM
{ 
  size_t x,y;
  x=(size_t)_lsz;
  pmlc=(char *)malloc(x);
  printf("Did %ld: %x\n",x,pmlc);
  y=(unsigned int)_lsz-1;
  pmlc[y]=(char)97;
  printf("WRITE/READ 'a': "); 
  printf("%c\n",pmlc[y]);
  if (ifarg(2)) free(pmlc); else printf("Use unmalloc() to free memory\n");
}
ENDVERBATIM
}

PROCEDURE unmalloc() {
VERBATIM
  free(pmlc);
ENDVERBATIM
}

:* FUNCTION hocgetc
FUNCTION hocgetc() {
VERBATIM
{	
  FILE* f;
  f = hoc_obj_file_arg(1);
  _lhocgetc = (double)getc(f);
}
ENDVERBATIM
}

PROCEDURE pwd() {
  VERBATIM
  {char cwd[1000],cmd[1200];
  getcwd(cwd, 1000);
  sprintf(cmd, "execute1(\"strdef cwd\")\n");         hoc_oc(cmd);
  sprintf(cmd, "execute1(\"cwd=\\\"%s\\\"\")\n",cwd); hoc_oc(cmd);
  }
  ENDVERBATIM
}

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