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Hippocampus temporo-septal engram shift model (Lytton 1999)

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Accession:7400
Temporo-septal engram shift model of hippocampal memory. The model posits that memories gradually move along the hippocampus from a temporal encoding site to ever more septal sites from which they are recalled. We propose that the sense of time is encoded by the location of the engram along the temporo-septal axis.
Reference:
1 . Lytton WW, Lipton P (1999) Can the hippocampus tell time? The temporo-septal engram shift model. Neuroreport 10:2301-6 [PubMed]
Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Realistic Network;
Brain Region(s)/Organism: Hippocampus;
Cell Type(s):
Channel(s): I Na,t; I K;
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s): GabaA; AMPA;
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: NEURON;
Model Concept(s): Pattern Recognition; Temporal Pattern Generation; Spatio-temporal Activity Patterns; Simplified Models;
Implementer(s): Lytton, William [bill.lytton at downstate.edu];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  GabaA; AMPA; I Na,t; I K;
/
lytton99
README
AMPA.mod
GABAA.mod
kdr.mod
matrix.mod *
naf.mod *
passiv.mod *
pulse.mod *
sinstim.mod *
vecst.mod
vecst.mod.orig
bg.inc *
bg_cvode.inc
boxes.hoc *
declist.hoc *
decvec.hoc *
default.hoc *
directory
fig1.gif
grvec.hoc
init.hoc
ivl.vecs
labels.hoc
loadr.hoc *
local.hoc
mosinit.hoc
net.hoc
netcon.inc
nrnoc.hoc
ovl.vecs
params.hoc *
params.hoc.SAV *
proc.hoc
run.hoc
simctrl.hoc *
spkts.hoc
syncode.hoc
tmpl.hoc
                            
// $Id: proc.hoc,v 1.43 2002/05/14 21:29:20 billl Exp $

//* crosstalk() calculates ndot and xdot
// ndot norm of vector against itself X.X
// xdot average cross product <X.Y>
// ddot = ndot-xdot
double szinp[1],ndot[1],xdot[1],ddot[1]
proc crosstalk () { local num,i,j,s1,s2,s3,ni,nf,szin,iflip
  num = $1
  szin=szinp[num] iflip=szin/2
  if (szin<100) {
    tot = fac(szin)/fac(iflip)^2 // the total number of vectors
  } else {
    tot = exp(logfac(szin) - 2*logfac(iflip))
  }
  s1 = s2 = s3 = 0
  nf = fac(iflip)
  for i=1,iflip { // let's not include X.X
    ni = iflip-i
    a = nf/fac(ni)/fac(i)
    a = a*a/tot
    s1 = s1 + a*(ni*BVBASE*BVBASE+ ni + 2*i*BVBASE)
  }
  ndot[num] = iflip*BVBASE*BVBASE + iflip // iflip*1*1 actually
  xdot[num] = s1
  ddot[num] = ndot[num]-xdot[num]
}

//* makemat(mat,inlist,outlist) recreates the outerproduct matrix from iovec's
proc makemat() { local p1,full,szinp
  if ($o2.count!=npatt || $o3.count!=npatt) { 
    printf("ERROR in makemat: list counts differ from npatt %s %s\n",$o2,$o3) return }
  szinp = $o2.object(0).size
  p1 = allocvecs(1)
  mso[p1].resize(szinp*szout)  // scratch matrix
  $o1.resize(szinp*szout)
  $o1.fill(0)
  // generate outer product matrix
  for ltr2(XO,YO,$o2,$o3) {
    mso[p1].outprod(YO,XO)
    $o1.add(mso[p1])
  }
  $o1.div(npatt)
  dealloc(p1)
}

//* makeinh() makes the inhibitory projection out of the output vectors
proc makeinh() { local ii
  ii = $3
  if ($o2.count!=npatt) { print "ERROR: wrong list count"  return }
  $o1.resize(szout)
  $o1.fill(0.)
  for ltr(XO,$o2) { $o1.add(XO) }
  $o1.mul(-xdot[ii]/npatt)
}

//* mkiovec(list,size)  put npatt vecs of size SIZE in LIST
proc mkiovec() { local i,flag,sz,flp
  sz=$2 flp=sz/2
  flag=0 // can't just use '||' because all get eval'ed and generate error
  if ($o1.count!=npatt) { flag=1
  } else if ($o1.object(0).size!=sz) {flag=1}
  if (flag) {
    $o1.remove_all
    for i=0,npatt-1 { 
      tmpvec = new Vector(sz,-1) // input vec
      tmpvec.randwd(flp)
      $o1.append(tmpvec)
    }
    tmpvec = nil
  } else for ltr(XO,$o1) {
    XO.randwd(flp)
  }
}

//* mkiovec2(list,size,flp)  put npatt vecs of size SIZE in LIST
proc mkiovec2() { local i,flag,sz,flp
  sz=$2 flp=$3
  flag=0 // can't just use '||' because all get eval'ed and generate error
  if ($o1.count!=npatt) { flag=1
  } else if ($o1.object(0).size!=sz) {flag=1}
  if (flag) {
    $o1.remove_all
    for i=0,npatt-1 { 
      tmpvec = new Vector(sz,-1) // input vec
      tmpvec.randwd(flp)
      $o1.append(tmpvec)
    }
    tmpvec = nil
  } else for ltr(XO,$o1) {
    XO.randwd(flp)
  }
}

//* mkorthog(list,size,flips)  put npatt vecs of size SIZE in LIST
proc mkorthog() { local i,flag,sz,flp,p1,p2,a,b
  sz=$2 flp=$3
  p1 = allocvecs(2,sz) p2=p1+1 mso[p1].resize(sz) 
  flag=0 // can't just use '||' because all get eval'ed and generate error
  if ($o1.count!=npatt) { flag=1
  } else if ($o1.object(0).size!=sz) {flag=1}
  mso[p1].fill(0)  // key to where the flips have been done
  mso[p2].resize(sz) mso[p2].indgen() // key to indices which can still be flipped
  if (npatt > sz/flp) { 
    printf("ERROR: can't make %d orthog patts (%d only)\n",npatt,sz/flp)
    return }
  // if (flag) { $o1.remove_all }
  for i=0,npatt-1 { 
    if (flag) { tmpvec = new Vector(sz,0) } else { tmpvec=$o1.object(i) } // input vec
    for j=0,flp-1 {
      a = int(rdm.uniform(0,mso[p2].size)) // pick an index into the indices
      b = mso[p2].x[a] // pick an index to flip
      tmpvec.x[b] = mso[p1].x[b] = 1 // flip from 0 to 1
      mso[p2].indvwhere(mso[p1],"==",0) // can still be flipped
    }
    if (flag) { $o1.append(tmpvec) }
  }
  tmpvec = nil
  dealloc(p1)
}

//* rdvecs(FILENAME,NROWS,NCOLS,LIST,VECSZ) 
proc rdvecs () { local nr,nc
  nr=$2 nc=$3 sz=$5
  tmpfile.ropen($s1)
  $o4.remove_all
  for ii=1,nc { 
    tmpfile.seek(0) 
    tmpvec = new Vector(sz)
    tmpvec.fill(0)
    ind.scanf(tmpfile,nr,ii,nc)
    tmpvec.indset(ind,1)
    $o4.append(tmpvec)
    tmpvec=nil
  }
}

//* connmap(mat,pre,post) 
// map a connectivity matrix onto a list of pre's and posts'
proc connmap () { local isz,osz,num
  isz = $o2.count  osz = $o3.count
  if (numarg()==0) { print "connmap(mat,pre,post)" return }
  if ($o1.size != isz*osz) {
    printf("ERROR: size mismatch in connmap: %d %d %d\n",$o1.size,isz,osz) return }
  for ltr(XO,$o3,&x) {   // postsynaptic
    for ltr(YO,$o2,&y) { //  presynaptic
      num = $o1.mget(x,y,isz)
      if (num != 0) {
        if (num<0) {
          printf("CONNMAP ERROR: gmax must not be <0.: %d %d %g.\n",x,y,num)
          return }
          YO.soma ncl.append(new NetCon(&v(.5), XO, 0, 0.1, num))
          // print YO,XO,y,x
      }
    }
  }
}

//* clearsyns() goes through postsyn list and reinitializes everything
proc clearsyns() { local i,j
  tmplist = new List("AMPA")
  for ltr(XO,tmplist) { XO.init_arrays(XO.maxsyn) }
  tmplist = new List("GABAA")
  for ltr(XO,tmplist) { XO.init_arrays(XO.maxsyn) }
  cleansyns()
}

//* delset ("AMPA") resets the delays for AMPA
proc delset () { local ii
  for sltr(XO,$s1) for ii=0,XO.nsyn-1 XO.delay(ii,0)
}

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