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Region-specific atrophy in dendrites (Narayanan, Narayan, Chattarji, 2005)

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Accession:147756
...in this study, we develop an algorithm that uses statistics from precise morphometric analyses to systematically remodel neuronal reconstructions. We use the distribution function of the ratio of two normal distributed random variables to specify the probabilities of remodeling along various regions of the dendritic arborization. We then use these probabilities to drive an iterative algorithm for manipulating the dendritic tree in a region-specific manner. As a test, we apply this framework to a well characterized example of dendritic remodeling: stress-induced dendritic atrophy in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells. We show that our pruning algorithm is capable of eliciting atrophy that matches biological data from rodent models of chronic stress. <br>
Reference:
1 . Narayanan R, Narayan A, Chattarji S (2005) A probabilistic framework for region-specific remodeling of dendrites in three-dimensional neuronal reconstructions. Neural Comput 17:75-96 [PubMed]
Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Neuron or other electrically excitable cell; Dendrite;
Brain Region(s)/Organism: Hippocampus;
Cell Type(s): Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal GLU cell;
Channel(s):
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s):
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: C or C++ program;
Model Concept(s): Influence of Dendritic Geometry;
Implementer(s): Narayanan, Rishikesh [rishi at iisc.ac.in];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal GLU cell;
#include"Prune.h"

/*****************************************************************/

void Prune :: pruneTP(int cn, int sn)
{
	double tx1,ty1,tz1;
	double tx2,ty2,tz2;
	double ipdist;
	createLine(PruCom[PruCom[cn].ppi-1],PruCom[cn]);

	if(ls -> num==2){	//	Current pt is last pt in comptmt.
		tx1=PruCom[PruCom[cn].ppi-1].x;
		ty1=PruCom[PruCom[cn].ppi-1].y;
		tz1=PruCom[PruCom[cn].ppi-1].z;
		removeCompartment(cn,sn);
		cmr++;
   	}
	else{
		// Remove Last Pt.
		tx1=ls->x[ls->num-2];
		ty1=ls->y[ls->num-2];
		tz1=ls->z[ls->num-2];
		PruCom[cn].x = ls -> x[ls->num-2];
		PruCom[cn].y = ls -> y[ls->num-2];
		PruCom[cn].z = ls -> z[ls->num-2];
	}	
	tx2=ls -> x[ls->num-1];
	ty2=ls -> y[ls->num-1];
	tz2=ls -> z[ls->num-1];
	ipdist=sqrt((tx1-tx2)*(tx1-tx2)+ (ty1-ty2)*(ty1-ty2)+
				(tz1-tz2)*(tz1-tz2));

	if(PruCom[cn].tc==4)				// Apical
		adlprune[sn] += ipdist/RESLN;
	else if (PruCom[cn].tc==3)			// Basal
		bdlprune[sn] += ipdist/RESLN;
	dlr += ipdist/RESLN;	
}	

/*****************************************************************/
	// If the removed compartment's parent is BP, remove the point 
	// from the TP list, from the BP list (if it is not a 
	// trifurcation), and update the BP prune numbers and
	// probabilities.
/*****************************************************************/
	
void Prune :: rcParentBP(int cn, int sn)
{
	int i,j;

	if (PruCom[cn].tc==3)	// Basal
		bbpprune[sn]++;
	else if (PruCom[cn].tc==4)	// Apical
		abpprune[sn]++;

	// Remove pt from TP list

	int SET=0;

	for(i=0; i<TP.npts; i++)
		if(TP.Pts[i]==cn){
			SET=1;
			break;
		}
	
	if(!SET){
		cerr <<"\nrcParentBP :: Error, TP not found\n\n";
		exit(1);
	}

	for(j=i;j<TP.npts-1;j++)	
		TP.Pts[j]=TP.Pts[j+1];
	TP.npts--;

	// Remove parent from bp list if that point is a bifurcation

	if(Children[PruCom[cn].ppi-1].npts==2){
		for(i=0; i<BP.npts; i++)
			if(BP.Pts[i]==(PruCom[cn].ppi-1)) break;
		for(j=i;j<BP.npts-1;j++)	
			BP.Pts[j]=BP.Pts[j+1];
		BP.npts--;
	}
}

/*****************************************************************/
	// If removed compartment's parent is soma, remove the 
	// compartment from the TP list and from the Stems list
/*****************************************************************/

void Prune :: rcParentSoma(int cn)
{
	int i,j;

	// Remove pt from tp list

	for(i=0; i<TP.npts; i++)
		if(TP.Pts[i]==cn) break;
	for(j=i;j<TP.npts-1;j++)	
		TP.Pts[j]=TP.Pts[j+1];
	TP.npts--;

	// Remove pt from stems list

	for(i=0; i<Stems.npts; i++)
		if(Stems.Pts[i]==cn) break;
	for(j=i;j<Stems.npts-1;j++)	
		Stems.Pts[j]=Stems.Pts[j+1];
	Stems.npts--;
}

/*****************************************************************/
// The case where the parent is neither soma nor BP
// Implies parent is also dendrite. So, update the TP to the current
// compartment's parent.
/*****************************************************************/

void Prune :: rcParentDendrite(int cn)
{
	int i,j;

	for(i=0; i<TP.npts; i++)
		if(TP.Pts[i]==cn) break;

	TP.Pts[i]=PruCom[cn].ppi-1;	

// If parent (which is the current TP) has an undefined TC (-1),
// remove that from TP list.

	if(PruCom[TP.Pts[i]].tc!=3 && PruCom[TP.Pts[i]].tc!=4){	
		for(j=i;j<TP.npts-1;j++)	
			TP.Pts[j]=TP.Pts[j+1];
		TP.npts--;
		cerr << "\nWarning: Undefined compartment removed from TP list.\n\n";
	}	
}

/*****************************************************************/
	// Remove comptmt cn from PruCom.
	// Update the indices of the SWC file to accomodate the 
	// removal of the compartment number cn. Also updates the parents'
	// indices, the TP, BP, Soma list.
/*****************************************************************/

void Prune :: rmcmpt (int cn)
{
	int i;

	if((PruCom[cn].tc != 3) && (PruCom[cn].tc != 4)){
		cerr << "\nrmcmpt :: GRAVE ERROR\n";
		exit(1);
	}	


	for(i=cn; i<npc-1; i++){
		PruCom[i]=PruCom[i+1];
		PruCom[i].pi --;		// One comptmt is removed.
	}	
	npc--;

// Update Parent Indices to accomodate above update.

	for(i=0; i<npc; i++){
		if((PruCom[i].ppi-1)>cn)
			PruCom[i].ppi--;	// One Comptmt is removed.
	}	

// Update lists of TP, BP, Stems, Soma to accomodate above.

	for(i=0; i<TP.npts; i++)
		if(TP.Pts[i]>cn) TP.Pts[i]--;

	for(i=0; i<BP.npts; i++)
		if(BP.Pts[i]>cn) BP.Pts[i]--;

	for(i=0; i<Stems.npts; i++)
		if(Stems.Pts[i]>cn) Stems.Pts[i]--;

	for(i=0; i<Soma.npts; i++)
		if(Soma.Pts[i]>cn) Soma.Pts[i]--;

}


/*****************************************************************/
	// Remove the current compartment totally.
	// If the parent to this compartment were a BP, then, 
	// remove that BP from the list of BP's and update BP 
	// probability; sn stands for the sholl's segment number
/*****************************************************************/

void Prune :: removeCompartment(int cn, int sn)
{
	if(isParentBP(cn))			//	If parent is BP
		rcParentBP(cn,sn);
	else if(isParentSoma(cn))	//	If parent is Soma
		rcParentSoma(cn);
	else 						// If parent is dendrite
		rcParentDendrite(cn);

	rmcmpt(cn);
}


/*****************************************************************/
//****************  BPPrune starts here **************************/
/*****************************************************************/

void Prune :: findTPBP()
{
	int i;
	double dist;
	int sn;

	int trgt;
	for(i=0; i<TP.npts; i++){
		trgt=TP.Pts[i];
		bpPruneP[i]=1.0;
		while((isParentBP(trgt)==0) && (isParentSoma(trgt)==0)){
			dist  = 0.0;
			dist += (somax-PruCom[trgt].x)*(somax-PruCom[trgt].x);
			dist += (somay-PruCom[trgt].y)*(somay-PruCom[trgt].y);
			dist += (somaz-PruCom[trgt].z)*(somaz-PruCom[trgt].z);
			dist  = sqrt(dist);
			sn   = (int)(dist/(double)STLENGTH); 

			if(PruCom[trgt].tc==3)			// Basal
				bpPruneP[i]*=pow(bdlP[sn], disttoParent(trgt));
			else if(PruCom[trgt].tc==4)		// Apical
				bpPruneP[i]*=pow(adlP[sn], disttoParent(trgt));
			trgt=PruCom[trgt].ppi-1;
		}
		if(isParentBP(trgt))
			TPBP[i]=PruCom[trgt].ppi-1;
		else if (isParentSoma(trgt))
			TPBP[i]=-2;		
		else{
			cerr << "\nTPBP :: There exists some error...\n";
			cerr << PruCom[trgt] ;
			cerr << PruCom[PruCom[trgt].ppi-1] ;
			exit(1);
		}	
	}	
}

/*****************************************************************/
// Remove BP which has its TP as ntp'th TP. This is accomplished by
// continually pruning TP[ntp] until a BP is encountered.
/*****************************************************************/

void Prune :: pruneBP(int ntp)
{
	int trgt;

	// Actually remove the part connecting the TP to the BP by
	// recursively pruning TP[ntp] until a branching point is
	// encountered.

	int ret=0;
	int cmcnt=0;

	while(!ret){
		trgt=TP.Pts[ntp];
		ret=removeCmprtmnt(trgt);
		cmcnt++;
	}
}

/*****************************************************************/

int Prune :: removeCmprtmnt(int cn)
{
	double dist  = 0.0;
    dist += (somax-PruCom[cn].x)*(somax-PruCom[cn].x);
    dist += (somay-PruCom[cn].y)*(somay-PruCom[cn].y);
    dist += (somaz-PruCom[cn].z)*(somaz-PruCom[cn].z);
    dist = sqrt(dist);

	// Segment where current compartment belongs to

    int sn = (int)(dist/(double)STLENGTH); 

	if (PruCom[cn].tc==3) 
		bdlprune[sn]+=disttoParent(cn);
	else if (PruCom[cn].tc==4) 
		adlprune[sn]+=disttoParent(cn);
	else{
		cerr << "\nGravest error\n";
		exit(1);
	}	
	int ret=0;

	if(isParentBP(cn)){
		ret=1;
		rcParentBP(cn, sn);
	}	
	else if (isParentSoma(cn)){
		cerr << "\nrC :: Grave Error!\n";
	}	
	else
		rcParentDendrite(cn);

	rmcmpt(cn);  	// Removing comptmt cn from PruCom.

	return ret;
}

/*****************************************************************/


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