STDP and BDNF in CA1 spines (Solinas et al. 2019)

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Accession:244412
Storing memory traces in the brain is essential for learning and memory formation. Memory traces are created by joint electrical activity in neurons that are interconnected by synapses and allow transferring electrical activity from a sending (presynaptic) to a receiving (postsynaptic) neuron. During learning, neurons that are co-active can tune synapses to become more effective. This process is called synaptic plasticity or long-term potentiation (LTP). Timing-dependent LTP (t-LTP) is a physiologically relevant type of synaptic plasticity that results from repeated sequential firing of action potentials (APs) in pre- and postsynaptic neurons. T-LTP is observed during learning in vivo and is a cellular correlate of memory formation. T-LTP can be elicited by different rhythms of synaptic activity that recruit distinct synaptic growth processes underlying t-LTP. The protein brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is released at synapses and mediates synaptic growth in response to specific rhythms of t-LTP stimulation, while other rhythms mediate BDNF-independent t-LTP. Here, we developed a realistic computational model that accounts for our previously published experimental results of BDNF-independent 1:1 t-LTP (pairing of 1 presynaptic with 1 postsynaptic AP) and BDNF-dependent 1:4 t-LTP (pairing of 1 presynaptic with 4 postsynaptic APs). The model explains the magnitude and time course of both t-LTP forms and allows predicting t-LTP properties that result from altered BDNF turnover. Since BDNF levels are decreased in demented patients, understanding the function of BDNF in memory processes is of utmost importance to counteract Alzheimer’s disease.
Reference:
1 . Solinas SMG, Edelmann E, Leßmann V, Migliore M (2019) A kinetic model for Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor mediated spike timing-dependent LTP. PLoS Comput Biol 15:e1006975 [PubMed]
Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Neuron or other electrically excitable cell; Synapse; Dendrite;
Brain Region(s)/Organism: Hippocampus;
Cell Type(s): Hippocampus CA1 pyramidal GLU cell;
Channel(s): I Na,t; I_KD; I K; I h; I A; I Calcium;
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s): AMPA; NMDA;
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s): Glutamate;
Simulation Environment: NEURON;
Model Concept(s): Facilitation; Long-term Synaptic Plasticity; Short-term Synaptic Plasticity; STDP;
Implementer(s): Solinas, Sergio [solinas at unipv.it]; Migliore, Michele [Michele.Migliore at Yale.edu];
Search NeuronDB for information about:  Hippocampus CA1 pyramidal GLU cell; AMPA; NMDA; I Na,t; I A; I K; I h; I Calcium; I_KD; Glutamate;
# import ipdb
from neuron import h, gui
import numpy as np
from glob import glob as listdir
import os
from branch_setup import *
import h5py as h5
from protocol import *
import sys

def superrun(xxx_todo_changeme):

    (run_index,delta_t, dep_dur, hyp_dur, n_BPAP, conf_n, activate_LTP,nstim,blk_RMBLK) = xxx_todo_changeme
    global protocol, p , cell, rank
    if p['check']:
        print(('Started simulation %s run %g on CPU %g'%(conf_n, run_index,rank)))

    # print protocol.stimulators['IC_dep'][0][0].delay,protocol.stimulators['IC_dep'][0][0].amp

    for ic_idx,(dc,hc) in enumerate(zip(protocol.stimulators['IC_dep'],protocol.stimulators['IC_hyp'])):
        if ic_idx < p['protocols'][conf_n]['nstim']:
            for dcc,hcc in zip(dc,hc):
                dcc.dur = dep_dur
                hcc.dur = hyp_dur
                hcc.delay = dcc.delay + dcc.dur # ms
            if n_BPAP == 1:
                for i in [1,2,3]:
                    dc[i].dur = 0
                    hc[i].dur = 0
            if n_BPAP == 2:
                for i in [2,3]:
                    dc[i].dur = 0
                    hc[i].dur = 0
        else:
            for i in [0,1,2,3]:
                dc[i].dur = 0
                hc[i].dur = 0
            
    if activate_LTP:
        protocol.stim.number = nstim
        if p['check']:
            print(('Stimulation is %s for %g times.'%(conf_n,nstim))) 
    else:
        protocol.stim.number = 0

    # Remove the RMBLK
    if blk_RMBLK:
        for s in cell.spines:
            s.head.RMECB.alpha_cai_RMBLK = 0
            # print s.name,s.head.RMECB.alpha_cai_RMBLK
            # print "SPINE max_fused_vesicles", s.head.BDNF.max_fused_vesicles

        
    if p['check']:
        print(("Running for delta_t = %g"%delta_t))
    protocol.stim.start = p['time_start_induction_stimuli'] + delta_t # ms
    if p['check']:
        print(('Initializing on run %g on CPU %g'%(run_index,rank)))
    if p['override_tstop'] is not None:
        h.tstop = p['override_tstop']
    else:
        h.tstop = protocol.p['tstop']#p['time_on_initialization']+p['time_to_begin_induction'] + 1000
    if p['check']:
        print(('Running for %g ms'%h.tstop))

    # for seg in dend:
    #     mec = getattr(seg,'na3')
    #     mec.gbar = 0
    # for dc in protocol.stimulators['IC_dep']:
    #     for d in dc:
    #         d.amp = 0
    # for dc in protocol.stimulators['IC_hyp']:
    #     for d in dc:
    #         d.amp = 0
        # print conf_n, dc[0].amp, dc[0].dur
    # for s in cell.spines:
    #     print s.head.BDNF.alpha_gAMPA, s.head.BDNF.theta_gAMPA, s.head.BDNF.sigma_gAMPA
    #     print s.parent_sec,s.parent_seg
    #     s.head.AMPA.Pmax = 0
    #     s.head.NMDA.Pmax = 0
    h.init()
    
    if h.tstop > 1e3:
        while h.t < h.tstop:
            h.continuerun(h.t+5e3)
            print((h.t))
            sys.stdout.flush()
    else:
        h.run()
    for s in cell.spines:
        print((s.name, s.head.AMPA.Pmax, s.head.AMPA.g_factor, s.head.AMPA.glut_factor, 'lowindex', cell.MCell_Ran4_lowindex, 'cell highindex', cell.MCell_Ran4_highindex, 'spine highindex', s.highindex, 'delta t', delta_t))

    store = h5.File(p['data_file']+'_%g.hdf5'%run_index, 'w')
    # print "Opened data file on cpu %g"%rank
    # Group for sim data
    sim_data = store.create_group('Simulation_data')
    conf_data = sim_data.create_group(conf_n)
    # Group for single iteration
    run_iteration = conf_data.create_group('delta_t_%g_%g'%(delta_t,run_index))
    run_iteration.create_dataset('branches indexes',data=cell.seg_indexes)
    run_iteration.create_dataset('branches indexes 2',data=cell.seg_indexes_2)
    run_iteration.create_dataset('branch names',data=[str(ss) for ss in cell.branch_segments])
    run_iteration.create_dataset('spiny branch names',data=[str(ss) for ss in cell.spine_segments])
    run_iteration.create_dataset('delta_t',data=delta_t)
    run_iteration.create_dataset('test_pre_spike_times',
                                data=np.array(protocol.stimulators['test_pre_spike_times']))
    run_iteration.create_dataset('induction_spikes',
                                data=np.array(protocol.stimulators['induction_spikes']))
    run_iteration.create_dataset('test_during_spike_times',
                                data=np.array(protocol.stimulators['test_during_spike_times']))
    run_iteration.create_dataset('test_post_spike_times',
                                data=np.array(protocol.stimulators['test_post_spike_times']))
    run_iteration.create_dataset('induction_injection_times',
                                data=np.array(protocol.stimulators['IC_delays']))

    if p['check']:
        for spine_index,spine in enumerate(cell.spines):
            print((conf_n, spine.name, 'delta_t_%g'%delta_t, list(run_iteration.keys())))
    for spine_index,spine in enumerate(cell.spines):
        # Single spine group
        # if spine.name in run_iteration.keys():
        spine_group = run_iteration.create_group(spine.name)
        spine.head.save_records(spine_group,
                                spine_index,
                                write_datasets = True)
        spine.neck.save_records(spine_group,
                                spine_index,
                                write_datasets = True)
    cell.cell.save_records(run_iteration, write_datasets = True)
    tb.dig_dict_save('Parameters',p,store.create_group('Parameters'))
    store.close()
    return 'Completed sim on run %g on CPU %g time %g'%(run_index,rank,h.t)

pc = h.ParallelContext()
rank = int(pc.id())
CVOde = h.cvode
CVOde.active(1)
# h.nrnmainmenu()

p = {}
exec(compile(open('parameters.py').read(), 'parameters.py', 'exec'),p)

# global cell
cell = Spiny_branch(p,rank=rank)
# for s in cell.spines:
#     print s.head.BDNF.alpha_gAMPA, s.head.BDNF.theta_gAMPA, s.head.BDNF.sigma_gAMPA
# global protocol
protocol = stim_protocol(cell,p, rank=rank)


pc.runworker()
print(('Starting %g'%rank))

sim_list = []
if rank == 0:
    # Remove old data files
    ls = listdir(p['data_file']+'_*.hdf5')
    for f in ls:
        if 'pulled' not in f:
            os.remove(f)

    # nnodes = world.size
    run_index = 0
    for conf_n,conf in list(p['protocols'].items()):

        for delta_t in p['time_delta']:

            blk_RMBLK = conf['Block_RMBLK'] if 'Block_RMBLK' in list(conf.keys()) else False
            # print "Submitting jobs", delta_t
            args = [
                run_index,
                delta_t,
                conf['BPAP_dep_stimulus_duration'],
                conf['BPAP_hyp_stimulus_duration'],
                conf['n_BPAP'],
                conf_n,
                conf['activate_LTP_protocol'],
                conf['nstim'],
                blk_RMBLK]
            # print(args)
            sim_list.append(args)
            run_index += 1
            pc.submit(superrun, args)

while pc.working():
    print((pc.pyret()))
pc.done()



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