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Input Receptors |
Intrinsic Currents |
Output Transmitters |
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Distal equivalent dendrite
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I K,Ca
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| Single-channel recordings from inside-out membrane patches excised from toad chemosensory cilia showed the presence of 4 different types of KCa channels, with unitary conductances of 210, 60, 12, and 29 and 60 pS, high K+-selectivity, and Ca2+ sensitivities in the low micromolar range (Delgado R et al, 20034 ). |
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I CNG
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| (Nakamura T and Gold GH, 19879 ). The basal conductance of unstimulated frog ORN was investigated using whole-cell and perforated-patch recording. It was found that under physiological conditions, gating of CNG channels contributes approximately 0.06 nS to the resting neuronal conductance (Pun RY and Kleene SJ, 200312 ). |
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I Cl,Ca
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| In cilia; K 0.5 for Ca activation is 5 uM; most of Ca activated current is carried by chloride and persists in the absence of Na and K; Cl channel inhibitor 3',5-dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylate (300uM) reduces current 90%; other Cl-channel inhibitors were tested [SITS, DIDS, A9C, DPC, NPPB, DCDPC] (Kleene SJ and Gesteland RC, 1991 [frog]16 ). Properties of this channel in rat, and its functional interplay with the CNG channel, were studied by using inside-out membrane patches excised from ORN dendritic knobs/cilia (Reisert J et al, 20037 ). and inside-out membrane patches (Hallani M et al, 19988 ). |
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Middle equivalent dendrite
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I K,Ca
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| Single-channel recordings from inside-out membrane patches excised from toad chemosensory cilia showed the presence of 4 different types of KCa channels, with unitary conductances of 210, 60, 12, and 29 and 60 pS, high K+-selectivity, and Ca2+ sensitivities in the low micromolar range (Delgado R et al, 20034 ). |
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I Cl,Ca
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| Present in lower density than in the cilia.Properties of this channel in rat, and its functional interplay with the CNG channel, were studied by using inside-out membrane patches excised from ORN dendritic knobs/cilia (Reisert J et al, 20037 ). and inside-out membrane patches (Hallani M et al, 19988 ). |
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I CNG
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| Present in lower density than in the cilia (Nakamura T and Gold GH, 19879 ). see also In addition, IP3 gated ion channel; found in the autodendritic membrane (Hatt H and Ache BW, 1994 [lobster]10 ). (Fadool DA and Ache BW, 1994 [lobster]11 ). The basal conductance of unstimulated frog ORN was investigated using whole-cell and perforated-patch recording. It was found that under physiological conditions, gating of CNG channels contributes approximately 0.06 nS to the resting neuronal conductance (Pun RY and Kleene SJ, 200312 ). |
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Proximal equivalent dendrite
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Soma
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Dopaminergic Receptor
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| Perforated whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings showed that dopamine modulates the L-type Ca2+ channels in rat olfactory receptor neurons via a voltage-independent mechanism (Okada Y et al, 20032 ). |
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Dopaminergic Receptor
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| Dopamine modulates Ih in cultured rat olfactory receptor neurons (Vargas G and Lucero MT, 19993 ). |
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I h
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| Properties of this current and its modulation by PKA were studied using whole-cell patch-clamp recording techniques (Vargas G and Lucero MT, 20025 ). Modulation of this current by dopamine was studied using standard patch-clamp techniques. (Vargas G and Lucero MT, 19993 ). |
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I T low threshold
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| Mechanisms underlying suppression of this current by odorants were investigated in newt ORNs using the whole-cell version of the patch-clamp technique (Kawai F, 19996 ). |
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I L high threshold
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| Cultured cells; blocked by 100 uM Cd or nifedipine (IC50=368 nM); no T-type Ca channels found (Trombley PQ and Westbrook GL, 1991 [rat]13 ). Mechanisms underlying suppression of this current by odorants were investigated in newt ORNs using the whole-cell version of the patch-clamp technique (Kawai F, 19996 ). |
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I Na,t
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| Cultured cells; TTX-sensitive (Trombley PQ and Westbrook GL, 1991 [rat]13 ). TTX-resistant (Firestein S and Werblin FS, 1987 [salamander]14 ). |
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I K,Ca
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| (Firestein S and Werblin FS, 1987 [salamander]14 ). |
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I CNG
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| IP3 gated ion channel; found in soma by (Fadool DA and Ache BW, 1992 [lobster]15 ). (Fadool DA and Ache BW, 1994 [lobster]11 ). |
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I K
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| (Firestein S and Werblin FS, 1987 [salamander]14 ). Cultured cells (Trombley PQ and Westbrook GL, 1991 [rat]13 ). Effects of odorants on this current in newt ORNs were investigated using whole-cell patch-clamp (Kawai F, 19996 ). |
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I A
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| (Firestein S and Werblin FS, 1987 [salamander]14 ). |
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Axon hillock
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I Na,t
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| TTX-sensitive (Trombley PQ and Westbrook GL, 1991 [rat]13 ). |
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I K
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Axon fiber
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Axon terminal
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GabaB
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| GABAB receptors act presinaptically to regulate the release of glutamate from olfactory nerve terminal (Bonino M et al, 19991 ). |
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Glutamate
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| | Electrophysiology data: AP5 attenuates delayed excitatory components in peristimulus time histograms of mitral cell unit responses to olfactory nerve volleys (Ennis M et al, 1996 [rat]17 ). Electrophysiology data: DNQX attenuates early and late excitatory components in peristimulus time histograms of mitral cell unit responses to olfactory nerve volleys (Ennis M et al, 1996 [rat]17 ). Intracellular recordings: AP5 blocks late component of EPSP elicited by olfactory nerve volley (Berkowicz DA et al, 1994 [turtle]18 ). Intracellular recordings: AP5 blocks late component of EPSP response to olfactory nerve volley (Chen WR and Shepherd GM, 1997 [rat]19 ). Intracellular recordings: CNQX blocks early component of EPSP elicited by olfactory nerve volley (Berkowicz DA et al, 1994 [turtle]18 ). Intracellular recordings: CNQX blocks early component of EPSP response to olfactory nerve volley (Chen WR and Shepherd GM, 1997 [rat]19 ). |
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