Neocortex V1 interneuron basket PV GABA cell

- - NCx - V1 - L2-6 - INT - basket PV - - gaba
Properties are:  Present   Absent 
Input Receptors
Intrinsic Currents
Output Transmitters
Distal equivalent dendrite
from thalmic afferents, layer 6 pyramidal cells, and spiny stellate cells Glutamate
Layer 2/3 fast-spiking interneurons (most of which are basket cells) received the strongest excitatory input (presumably glutamatergic) from layer 4 (Dantzker JL and Callaway EM, 20002 ). Layer 4 basket cells in cat visual cortex receive excitatory input from neighboring spiny neurons, resulting in large excitatory EPSPs. One third of spiny cell-smooth cell pair were connected reciprocally (postsynaptic targets include local spiny stellate, pyramidal cells, as well as smooth neurons), but the postsynaptic IPSPs evoked by basket cells are slower, GABAergic, probably of GABAA type (Tarczy-Hornoch K et al, 19985 ). Layer 4 basket cells in cat visual cortex receive asymmetric synapses from layer 6 pyramidal (~43%), the spiny stellate (44%) and thalamic afferents (13%) (Ahmed B et al, 19974 ). Dual recording from pyramidal cell-basket cell pairs reveal unitary EPSPs in basket cells mediated by one and two synaptic junctions. The unitary EPSPs have fast rising time and short time duration. Closely timed (10-50 ms) pairs of presynaptic action potentials resulted in statistically significant paired-pulse depression. The reliability of transmission is high, but the fast time course of the EPSPs constrains their temporal summation. Due to the relatively small amplitude of unitary EPSPs several convergent inputs will therefore be required to elicit suprathreshold responses. (Buhl EH et al, 19976 ).
Middle equivalent dendrite
Proximal equivalent dendrite
from other GABAergic interneurons Gaba
GABA inactivation of large-basket cells of visual cortex resulted in weakened orientation and direction selectivity, via weakening of long-range lateral inhibition by the basket cells (Kisvárday ZF et al, 20001 ). Most layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons and interneurons received inhibitory input (presumably GABAergic) from neighboring interneurons in layer 2/3 (Dantzker JL and Callaway EM, 20002 ). Analysis of synaptic input to layer 4 basket cells show that 79% of symmetric synapses could have originated from other layer 4 basket cells. Soma and proximal dendrites received 76% of all the symmetric synapses (Ahmed B et al, 19974 ). GABAergic interneurons (basket cells, dendrite-targeting cells, and double-bouquet cells) form reciprocally interconnected intracortical networks in which basket cells play a prominent role, given the strength of innervation and the proximal placement of synapses by basket cells to their postsynaptic targets (Tamás G et al, 19983 ).
Autaptic self-innervation Gaba
Autaptic self-innervation of basket cells (Tamás G et al, 19977 ).
Soma
from other GABAergic interneurons Gaba
GABA inactivation of large-basket cells of visual cortex resulted in weakened orientation and direction selectivity, via weakening of long-range lateral inhibition by the basket cells (Kisvárday ZF et al, 20001 ). Most layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons and interneurons received inhibitory input (presumably GABAergic) from neighboring interneurons in layer 2/3 (Dantzker JL and Callaway EM, 20002 ). GABAergic interneurons (basket cells, dendrite-targeting cells, and double-bouquet cells) form reciprocally interconnected intracortical networks in which basket cells play a prominent role, given the strength of innervation and the proximal placement of synapses by basket cells to their postsynaptic targets (Tamás G et al, 19983 ). Analysis of synaptic input to layer 4 basket cells show that 79% of symmetric synapses could have originated from other layer 4 basket cells. Soma and proximal dendrites received 76% of all the symmetric synapses (Ahmed B et al, 19974 ).
Autaptic self-innervation Gaba
Autaptic self-innervation of basket cells (Tamás G et al, 19977 ).
I Na,t
Anatomical, electrophysiological and molecular diversity of basket cell-like interneurons in layers II-IV of rat somatosensory cortex were studied using patch-clamp electrodes filled with biocytin (Wang Y et al, 20028 ).
Axon hillock
Axon fiber
Axon terminal
Gaba to other GABAergic interneurons
Layer-4 basket cell axons make lateral connection isotropically near cell body ( 50 microm radius), but beyond this core region, anisotropically, preferably within a particular angular sectors cell body (Budd JM and Kisvárday ZF, 20019 ). GABA inactivation of large-basket cells of visual cortex resulted in weakened orientation and direction selectivity, via weakening of long-range lateral inhibition by the basket cells (Kisvárday ZF et al, 20001 ). GABAergic interneurons (basket cells, dendrite-targeting cells, and double-bouquet cells) form reciprocally interconnected intracortical networks in which basket cells play a prominent role, given the strength of innervation and the proximal placement of synapses by basket cells to their postsynaptic targets (Tamás G et al, 19983 ). Layer 4 basket cells in cat visual cortex receive excitatory input from neighboring spiny neurons, resulting in large excitatory EPSPs. One third of spiny cell-smooth cell pair were connected reciprocally (postsynaptic targets include local spiny stellate, pyramidal cells, as well as smooth neurons), but the postsynaptic IPSPs evoked by basket cells are slower, GABAergic, probably of GABAA type (Tarczy-Hornoch K et al, 19985 ).
Gaba with spiny neurons (reciprocally)
GABA is a neurotransmitter used by basket cells or clutch cells (Somogyi P and Soltész I, 1986 [cat]10 ). Basket cells make synaptic contact with pyramidal and spiny stellate cells preferentially on the somata (50%) and dendritic shaft (45%), but synapses on dendritic spines are also present (4.9%). IPSPs elicited in the postsynaptic cells have short latency, fast rising time and short duration, similar to those mediated by GABAA receptors (Tamás G et al, 199711 ). Layer 4 basket cells in cat visual cortex receive excitatory input from neighboring spiny neurons, resulting in large excitatory EPSPs. One third of spiny cell-smooth cell pair were connected reciprocally (postsynaptic targets include local spiny stellate, pyramidal cells, as well as smooth neurons), but the postsynaptic IPSPs evoked by basket cells are slower, GABAergic, probably of GABAA type (Tarczy-Hornoch K et al, 19985 ).
Gaba Autaptic self-innervation
Autaptic self-innervation of basket cells (Tamás G et al, 19977 ).
Classical References: first publications on each compartmental property; search PubMed for complete list
1.  Kisvárday ZF, Crook JM, Buzás P and Eysel UT. (2000) Combined physiological-anatomical approaches to study lateral inhibition. J Neurosci Methods 103:91-106.
2.  Dantzker JL and Callaway EM. (2000) Laminar sources of synaptic input to cortical inhibitory interneurons and pyramidal neurons. Nat Neurosci 3:701-7 [Journal] .
3.  Tamás G, Somogyi P and Buhl EH. (1998) Differentially interconnected networks of GABAergic interneurons in the visual cortex of the cat. J Neurosci 18:4255-70.
4.  Ahmed B, Anderson JC, Martin KA and Nelson JC. (1997) Map of the synapses onto layer 4 basket cells of the primary visual cortex of the cat. J Comp Neurol 380:230-42.
5.  Tarczy-Hornoch K, Martin KA, Jack JJ and Stratford KJ. (1998) Synaptic interactions between smooth and spiny neurones in layer 4 of cat visual cortex in vitro. J Physiol 508 ( Pt 2):351-63.
6.  Buhl EH, Tamás G, Szilágyi T, Stricker C, Paulsen O and Somogyi P. (1997) Effect, number and location of synapses made by single pyramidal cells onto aspiny interneurones of cat visual cortex. J Physiol 500 ( Pt 3):689-713.
7.  Tamás G, Buhl EH and Somogyi P. (1997) Massive autaptic self-innervation of GABAergic neurons in cat visual cortex. J Neurosci 17:6352-64.
8.  Wang Y, Gupta A, Toledo-Rodriguez M, Wu CZ and Markram H. (2002) Anatomical, physiological, molecular and circuit properties of nest basket cells in the developing somatosensory cortex. Cereb Cortex 12:395-410.
9.  Budd JM and Kisvárday ZF. (2001) Local lateral connectivity of inhibitory clutch cells in layer 4 of cat visual cortex (area 17). Exp Brain Res 140:245-50 [Journal] .
10.  Somogyi P and Soltész I. (1986) Immunogold demonstration of GABA in synaptic terminals of intracellularly recorded, horseradish peroxidase-filled basket cells and clutch cells in the cat's visual cortex. Neuroscience 19:1051-65.
11.  Tamás G, Buhl EH and Somogyi P. (1997) Fast IPSPs elicited via multiple synaptic release sites by different types of GABAergic neurone in the cat visual cortex. J Physiol 500 ( Pt 3):715-38.