NeuronDB: Neuron Details

Olfactory bulb main mitral GLU cell

- - OBmain - - PRINC - mitral - - glu

Properties are:

Present

Absent

Input Receptors

Intrinsic Currents

Output Transmitters

Distal apical dendrite

	Dopaminergic Receptor
DA receptors in mitral cell dendrites implied by DA localization in PG dendrites presynaptic to mitral dendrites
Olfactory receptor GLU cell -Axon terminal.Glutamate	AMPA
Intracellular recordings: CNQX blocks early component of EPSP elicited by olfactory nerve volley nerve volley (Berkowicz DA et al, 1994 [turtle]¹⁰ ). Electrophysiology data: DNQX attenuates early and late excitatory components in peristimulus time histograms of mitral cell unit responses to olfactory nerve volleys (Ennis M et al, 1996 [rat]¹¹ ). Intracellular recordings: CNQX blocks early component of EPSP response to olfactory nerve volley (Chen WR and Shepherd GM, 1997 [rat]¹² ). Paired whole-cell recording revealed reciprocal excitatory connections between mitral cells. Pharmacological analysis suggested that it could be mediated by both AMPA and NMDA receptors (Urban NN and Sakmann B, 2002¹³ ).
Olfactory receptor GLU cell -Axon terminal.Glutamate	NMDA
Intracellular recordings: AP5 blocks late component of EPSP elicited by olfactory nerve volley (Berkowicz DA et al, 1994 [turtle]¹⁰ ). Electrophysiology data: AP5 attenuates delayed excitatory components in peristimulus time histograms of mitral cell unit responses to olfactory nerve volleys (Ennis M et al, 1996 [rat]¹¹ ). Intracellular recordings: AP5 blocks late component of EPSP response to olfactory nerve. volley (Chen WR and Shepherd GM, 1997 [rat]¹² ). Paired whole-cell recording revealed reciprocal excitatory connections between mitral cells. Pharmacological analysis suggested that it could be mediated by both AMPA and NMDA receptors (Urban NN and Sakmann B, 2002¹³ ).
Olfactory bulb main interneuron periglomerular GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.Gaba	GabaA
Intracellular recordings: IPSP blocked by bicuculline and low Cl- (Nowycky MC et al, 1981 [turtle]⁵ ). Identification of subunit mRNAs (Laurie DJ et al, 1992 [rat]⁷ ).
-Distal apical dendrite.Glutamate	mGluR1
Auto-activation from glutamate released by mitral cell secondary dendrites (van den Pol AN, 1995 [rat]⁹ ).
	mGluR

Olfactory bulb main interneuron periglomerular GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.Gaba	GabaB

I h
(Angelo K and Margrie TW, 2011³² ). report the presence and function of Ih.
I A
(Bischofberger J and Jonas P, 1997³³ ).
I Na,t
Implied by recording of fast prepotential. Dual patch recordings provide evidence for both backpropagating and forward-propagating impulses in the primary dendrite (Mori K et al, 1982 [turtle]³⁴ ). Chen et al 1997).Dendritic patch recordings showed an even density of Na channels (120pSum-2) up to 350 um from the soma along the primary dendrite to theorigin of the glomerular tuft (Bischofberger J and Jonas P, 1997³³ ). By combining intracellular recordings and two-photon microscopy imaging of [Ca]i in rat it was shown that APs backpropagate at full amplitude up to the tuft (Debarbieux F et al, 2003²⁵ ).
I N

Glutamate	-Distal apical dendrite.mGluR1 Olfactory bulb main interneuron periglomerular GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.AMPA -Distal equivalent dendrite.NMDA
Implied by Glu released by other compartments of the mitral cell (Dale's law). Target (destination) is presumably PG cell dendrites in the glomerulus (van den Pol AN, 1995 [rat]⁹ ).

Middle apical dendrite

Olfactory bulb main interneuron periglomerular GABA cell -Middle equivalent dendrite.Gaba -Axon terminal.Gaba	GabaA
IPSP blocked by bicuculline and low Cl- (Nowycky MC et al, 1981 [turtle]⁵ ). Identification of subunit mRNAs (Laurie DJ et al, 1992 [rat]⁷ ).
-Middle apical dendrite.Glutamate	NMDA
Auto-activation from glutamate released by mitral cell secondary dendrites (van den Pol AN, 1995 [rat]⁹ ). Paired recordings in slices showed excitatory transmission mediated solely by transmitter spillover between mitral cells. Dendritic glutamate release causes self-excitation via local activation of NMDA receptors, and generates NMDA receptor-mediated responses in neighbouring cells. It is suggested that this simultaneous activation of neighbouring cells by a diffuse action of glutamate provides a mechanism for synchronizing olfactory principal cells (Isaacson JS, 1999¹⁹ ).
Olfactory bulb main interneuron periglomerular GABA cell -Axon terminal.Dopamine	Dopaminergic Receptor

I A
(Bischofberger J and Jonas P, 1997³³ ).
I Na,t
Dendritic patch recordings showed an even density of Na channels (120pSum-2) up to 350 um from the soma along the primary dendrite to theorigin of the glomerular tuft (Bischofberger J and Jonas P, 1997³³ ).
I N
(Bischofberger J and Schild D, 1995 [frog]²⁶ ).
I h
(Angelo K and Margrie TW, 2011³² ). report the presence and function of Ih.

Glutamate	-Middle apical dendrite.NMDA

Proximal apical dendrite

Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.Gaba	GabaA
IPSP blocked by bicuculline and low Cl- (Nowycky MC et al, 1981 [turtle]⁵ ). Identification of subunit mRNAs (Laurie DJ et al, 1992 [rat]⁷ ). The kinetics of GABA currents were studied using flash photolysis of caged GABA (Lowe G, 2002⁸ ).
-Proximal apical dendrite.Glutamate	NMDA
Auto-activation from glutamate released by mitral cell secondary dendrites (van den Pol AN, 1995 [rat]⁹ ). Paired recordings in slices showed excitatory transmission mediated solely by transmitter spillover between mitral cells. Dendritic glutamate release causes self-excitation via local activation of NMDA receptors, and generates NMDA receptor-mediated responses in neighbouring cells. It is suggested that this simultaneous activation of neighbouring cells by a diffuse action of glutamate provides a mechanism for synchronizing olfactory principal cells (Isaacson JS, 1999¹⁹ ). The pharmacology and kinetics of glutamate sensitivity of mitral cells was studied using flash photolysis in rats (Lowe G, 2003²⁰ ).
Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.Gaba	GabaB

I N
(Bischofberger J and Schild D, 1995 [frog]²⁶ ).
I A
(Bischofberger J and Jonas P, 1997³³ ).
I Na,t
Dendritic patch recordings showed an even density of Na channels (120pSum-2) up to 350 um from the soma along the primary dendrite to theorigin of the glomerular tuft (Bischofberger J and Jonas P, 1997³³ ).

Glutamate	-Proximal apical dendrite.NMDA

Distal basal dendrite

Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.Gaba	GabaA
IPSP blocked by bicuculline and low Cl- (Nowycky MC et al, 1981 [turtle]⁵ ). Identification of subunit mRNAs (Laurie DJ et al, 1992 [rat]⁷ ).
-Distal basal dendrite.Glutamate	AMPA
(Petralia RS and Wenthold RJ, 1992 [rat]¹⁴ ). With a postembedding immunogold procedure, it has been found that these receptors do not appear to be concentrated in clusters on dendrites, suggesting that the presynaptic effects of glutamate are mediated by a small complement of extrasynaptic receptors (Sassoè-Pognetto M and Ottersen OP, 2000¹⁵ ).
-Distal basal dendrite.Glutamate	mGluR6
Possible (Trombley PQ and Westbrook GL, 1992 [NULL]¹⁶ ).
-Distal basal dendrite.Glutamate	NMDA
(Petralia RS et al, 1994 [rat]¹⁷ ). Both ionotropic NMDA and non-NMDA autoreceptors are activated by glutamate released from primary and secondary dendrites. In contrast to non-NMDA autoreceptors, NMDA autoreceptors are almost exclusively located on secondary dendrites and their activation generates a large and sustained self-excitation. Both intracellularly evoked and miniature NMDA-R mediated synaptic potentials are blocked by intracellular BAPTA and result from a calcium-dependent release of glutamate (Salin PA et al, 2001 [rat]¹⁸ ). Paired recordings in slices showed excitatory transmission mediated solely by transmitter spillover between mitral cells. Dendritic glutamate release causes self-excitation via local activation of NMDA receptors, and generates NMDA receptor-mediated responses in neighbouring cells. It is suggested that this simultaneous activation of neighbouring cells by a diffuse action of glutamate provides a mechanism for synchronizing olfactory principal cells (Isaacson JS, 1999¹⁹ ).
-Distal basal dendrite.Glutamate	mGluR1
Auto-activation from glutamate released by mitral cell secondary dendrites (van den Pol AN, 1995 [rat]⁹ ).
-Distal basal dendrite.Glutamate	mGluR7
Possible (Trombley PQ and Westbrook GL, 1992 [NULL]¹⁶ ).
-Distal basal dendrite.Glutamate	mGluR4
Possible (Trombley PQ and Westbrook GL, 1992 [NULL]¹⁶ ).
Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.Gaba	GabaB

I A
By using dendritic recordings and calcium transients in rats it was shown that this current may control AP propagation in lateral dendrites (Christie JM and Westbrook GL, 2003²² ).
I Na,t
Dual patch recordings and Ca2+ imaging of mitral cells in the ratolfactory bulb slice suggested that action potentials propagating intothe basal dendrites decrement approximately 20% per 100um (Margrie TW et al, 2001²³ ). Using Ca2+ imaging, full action potential invasionthroughout the length of the basal dendrites, suggesting the presence ofNa channels at somatic density, was observed by (Xiong W and Chen WR, 2002 [rat]²⁴ ). By combining intracellular recordings and two-photon microscopy imaging of [Ca]i it was shown that AP propagate at full amplitude up to the most distal branches (Debarbieux F et al, 2003²⁵ ).
I N
Implied by data on more proximal dendritic regions; still to be tested (Bischofberger J and Schild D, 1995 [frog]²⁶ ).

Glutamate	-Distal basal dendrite.AMPA -Distal basal dendrite.mGluR6 -Distal basal dendrite.NMDA -Distal basal dendrite.mGluR1 -Distal basal dendrite.mGluR7 -Distal basal dendrite.mGluR4 Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.NMDA -Distal equivalent dendrite.AMPA

Middle basal dendrite

-Middle basal dendrite.Glutamate	AMPA
(Petralia RS and Wenthold RJ, 1992 [rat]¹⁴ ). With a postembedding immunogold procedure, it has been found that these receptors do not appear to be concentrated in clusters on dendrites, suggesting that the presynaptic effects of glutamate are mediated by a small complement of extrasynaptic receptors (Sassoè-Pognetto M and Ottersen OP, 2000¹⁵ ).
-Middle basal dendrite.Glutamate	NMDA
(Petralia RS et al, 1994 [rat]¹⁷ ). Paired recordings in slices showed excitatory transmission mediated solely by transmitter spillover between mitral cells. Dendritic glutamate release causes self-excitation via local activation of NMDA receptors, and generates NMDA receptor-mediated responses in neighbouring cells. It is suggested that this simultaneous activation of neighbouring cells by a diffuse action of glutamate provides a mechanism for synchronizing olfactory principal cells (Isaacson JS, 1999¹⁹ ).
-Middle basal dendrite.Glutamate	mGluR7
Possible (Trombley PQ and Westbrook GL, 1992 [NULL]¹⁶ ).
-Middle basal dendrite.Glutamate	mGluR6
Possible (Trombley PQ and Westbrook GL, 1992 [NULL]¹⁶ ).
-Middle basal dendrite.Glutamate	mGluR4
Possible (Trombley PQ and Westbrook GL, 1992 [NULL]¹⁶ ).
-Middle basal dendrite.Glutamate	mGluR1
Auto-activation from glutamate released by mitral cell secondary dendrites (van den Pol AN, 1995 [rat]⁹ ).
Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.Gaba	GabaA
IPSP blocked by bicuculline and low Cl- (Nowycky MC et al, 1981 [turtle]⁵ ). Identification of subunit mRNAs (Laurie DJ et al, 1992 [rat]⁷ ).
Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.Gaba	GabaB

I A
By using dendritic recordings and calcium transients in rats it was shown that this current may control AP propagation in lateral dendrites (Christie JM and Westbrook GL, 2003²² ).
I Na,t
Dual patch recordings and Ca2+ imaging of mitral cells in the ratolfactory bulb slice suggested that action potentials propagating intothe basal dendrites decrement approximately 20% per 100um (Margrie TW et al, 2001²³ ). Using Ca2+ imaging, full action potential invasionthroughout the length of the basal dendrites, suggesting the presence ofNa channels at somatic density, was observed by (Xiong W and Chen WR, 2002 [rat]²⁴ ). By combining intracellular recordings and two-photon microscopy imaging of [Ca]i it was shown that AP propagate at full amplitude up to the most distal branches (Debarbieux F et al, 2003²⁵ ).
I N
(Bischofberger J and Schild D, 1995 [frog]²⁶ ).

Glutamate	-Middle basal dendrite.AMPA -Middle basal dendrite.NMDA -Middle basal dendrite.mGluR7 -Middle basal dendrite.mGluR6 -Middle basal dendrite.mGluR4 -Middle basal dendrite.mGluR1 Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.NMDA -Distal equivalent dendrite.AMPA

Proximal basal dendrite

Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.Gaba	GabaA
Dendrodendritic from granule cell spines. IPSP blocked by bicuculline and low Cl- (Nowycky MC et al, 1981 [turtle]⁵ ). Identification of subunit mRNAs (Laurie DJ et al, 1992 [rat]⁷ ). The kinetics of GABA currents were studied using flash photolysis of caged GABA (Lowe G, 2002⁸ ).
-Proximal basal dendrite.Glutamate	NMDA
(Petralia RS et al, 1994 [rat]¹⁷ ). Paired recordings in slices showed excitatory transmission mediated solely by transmitter spillover between mitral cells. Dendritic glutamate release causes self-excitation via local activation of NMDA receptors, and generates NMDA receptor-mediated responses in neighbouring cells. It is suggested that this simultaneous activation of neighbouring cells by a diffuse action of glutamate provides a mechanism for synchronizing olfactory principal cells (Isaacson JS, 1999¹⁹ ).
-Proximal basal dendrite.Glutamate	AMPA
(Petralia RS and Wenthold RJ, 1992 [rat]¹⁴ ). With a postembedding immunogold procedure, it has been found that these receptors do not appear to be concentrated in clusters on dendrites, suggesting that the presynaptic effects of glutamate are mediated by a small complement of extrasynaptic receptors (Sassoè-Pognetto M and Ottersen OP, 2000¹⁵ ). The pharmacology and kinetics of glutamate sensitivity of mitral cells was studied using flash photolysis in rats (Lowe G, 2003²⁰ ).
-Proximal basal dendrite.Glutamate	mGluR1
Auto-activation from glutamate released by mitral cell secondary dendrites (van den Pol AN, 1995 [rat]⁹ ).
Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.Gaba	GabaB

I N
(Bischofberger J and Schild D, 1995 [frog]²⁶ ).
I Na,t
Dual patch recordings and Ca2+ imaging of mitral cells in the ratolfactory bulb slice suggested that action potentials propagating intothe basal dendrites decrement approximately 20% per 100um (Margrie TW et al, 2001²³ ). Using Ca2+ imaging, full action potential invasionthroughout the length of the basal dendrites, suggesting the presence ofNa channels at somatic density, was observed by (Xiong W and Chen WR, 2002 [rat]²⁴ ). By combining intracellular recordings and two-photon microscopy imaging of [Ca]i it was shown that AP propagate at full amplitude up to the most distal branches (Debarbieux F et al, 2003²⁵ ).
I A
By using dendritic recordings and calcium transients in rats it was shown that this current may control AP propagation in lateral dendrites (Christie JM and Westbrook GL, 2003²² ).

Glutamate	-Proximal basal dendrite.NMDA -Proximal basal dendrite.AMPA -Proximal basal dendrite.mGluR1 Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.NMDA -Distal equivalent dendrite.AMPA

Soma

Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.Gaba	GabaA
Synaptic inhibition of mitral cells: Yamamoto et al, 1962; (PHILLIPS CG et al, 1963 [rabbit]¹ ). granule cell dendrodendritic synapses: (Rall W et al, 1966² ). (Rall W and Shepherd GM, 1968³ ). granule cells are GABAergic: (Ribak CE et al, 1977⁴ ). Fast IPSP, blocked by bicuculline and low Cl- (Nowycky MC et al, 1981 [turtle]⁵ ). see also (Jahr CE and Nicoll RA, 1982⁶ ). Identification of subunit mRNAs (Laurie DJ et al, 1992 [rat]⁷ ). The kinetics of GABA currents were studied using flash photolysis of caged GABA (Lowe G, 2002⁸ ).
-Soma.Glutamate	mGluR1
Synaptic inhibition of mitral cells: Yamamoto et al, 1962; (PHILLIPS CG et al, 1963 [rabbit]¹ ). granule cell dendrodendritic synapses: (Rall W et al, 1966² ). (Rall W and Shepherd GM, 1968³ ). granule cells are GABAergic: (Ribak CE et al, 1977⁴ ). Auto-activation from glutamate released by mitral cell soma (van den Pol AN, 1995 [rat]⁹ ).
-Soma.Glutamate	NMDA
Paired recordings in slices showed excitatory transmission mediated solely by transmitter spillover between mitral cells. Dendritic glutamate release causes self-excitation via local activation of NMDA receptors, and generates NMDA receptor-mediated responses in neighbouring cells. It is suggested that this simultaneous activation of neighbouring cells by a diffuse action of glutamate provides a mechanism for synchronizing olfactory principal cells (Isaacson JS, 1999¹⁹ ). In an immunocytochemical study in zebrafish all cells resulted in NMDA receptor mediated labelling (Edwards JG and Michel WC, 2003²¹ ). The pharmacology and kinetics of glutamate sensitivity of mitral cells was studied using flash photolysis in rats (Lowe G, 2003²⁰ ).
	Kainate
In an immunocytochemical study in zebrafish 60-70% of cells showed KA receptor mediated labelling (Edwards JG and Michel WC, 2003²¹ ).
Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.Gaba	GabaB

I K
Using whole-cell recordings, the kinetic properties of this current have been investigated in neurones from neonatal rats, which were retrogradely labelled and identified after enzymatic dissociation (Wang XY et al, 1996 [rat]³⁰ ).
I K,leak
Assumed.
I p,q

I L high threshold
(Bischofberger J and Schild D, 1995 [frog]²⁶ ).
I T low threshold
(Wang X et al, 1996³¹ ).
I A
Delayed firing of action potentials in response to current pulse injection suggests there is I A current here. Unpublished data have characterized the kinetics of A current in the rat mitral cell (Chen WR and Shepherd GM, 1997 [rat]¹² ). Using whole-cell recordings, the kinetic properties of this current have been investigated in neurones from neonatal rats, which were retrogradely labelled and identified after enzymatic dissociation (Wang XY et al, 1996 [rat]³⁰ ).
I K,Ca
Unpublished data by Chen and Shepherd have revealed a long lasting after hyperpolarization following a train of action potentials. Using whole-cell recordings, the kinetic properties of this current have been investigated in neurones from neonatal rats, which were retrogradely labelled and identified after enzymatic dissociation (Wang XY et al, 1996 [rat]³⁰ ).
I h
(Angelo K and Margrie TW, 2011³² ). report the presence and function of Ih.
I Na,t
Implied by current clamp recording of action potential at soma (Mori K et al, 1981 [turtle]²⁷ ). Somatic and Dendritic patch recordings showed an even density of Na channels (120pSum-2) up to 350 um from the soma along the primary dendrite to theorigin of the glomerular tuft (Bischofberger J and Jonas P, 1997³³ ).

Glutamate	-Soma.mGluR1 -Soma.NMDA Olfactory bulb main interneuron granule MC GABA cell -Distal equivalent dendrite.NMDA -Distal equivalent dendrite.AMPA
Microionophoretic studies (Nicoll RA, 1971³⁵ ). see also Felix and MacLennan, 1971).

Axon hillock

I Na,t
Blockade of fast spike by TTX (Mori K et al, 1981 [turtle]²⁷ ). (Jahr CE and Nicoll RA, 1982⁶ ). Estimated: HH model slightly modified from Traub, 1982 (Bhalla US and Bower JM, 1993 [vertebrate]²⁸ ).
I K
Estimated: HH model slightly modified from (Traub RD, 1982²⁹ ). (Bhalla US and Bower JM, 1993 [vertebrate]²⁸ ).

Axon fiber

I Na,t
Conduction of the action potential suggests there must be some Na channels there.

Axon terminal

I N
inferred

Glutamate	Piriform cortex anterior pyramidal layer II GLU cell -Distal apical dendrite.AMPA -Distal apical dendrite.NMDA

Classical References: first publications on each compartmental property; search PubMed for complete list
1.	PHILLIPS CG, POWELL TP and SHEPHERD GM. (1963) RESPONSES OF MITRAL CELLS TO STIMULATION OF THE LATERAL OLFACTORY TRACT IN THE RABBIT. J Physiol 168:65-88.
2.	Rall W, Shepherd GM, Reese TS and Brightman MW. (1966) Dendrodendritic synaptic pathway for inhibition in the olfactory bulb. Exp Neurol 14:44-56.
3.	Rall W and Shepherd GM. (1968) Theoretical reconstruction of field potentials and dendrodendritic synaptic interactions in olfactory bulb. J Neurophysiol 31:884-915 [Journal] .
4.	Ribak CE, Vaughn JE, Saito K, Barber R and Roberts E. (1977) Glutamate decarboxylase localization in neurons of the olfactory bulb. Brain Res 126:1-18.
5.	Nowycky MC, Mori K and Shepherd GM. (1981) GABAergic mechanisms of dendrodendritic synapses in isolated turtle olfactory bulb. J Neurophysiol 46:639-48 [Journal] .
6.	Jahr CE and Nicoll RA. (1982) An intracellular analysis of dendrodendritic inhibition in the turtle in vitro olfactory bulb. J Physiol 326:213-34.
7.	Laurie DJ, Wisden W and Seeburg PH. (1992) The distribution of thirteen GABAA receptor subunit mRNAs in the rat brain. III. Embryonic and postnatal development. J Neurosci 12:4151-72.
8.	Lowe G. (2002) Inhibition of backpropagating action potentials in mitral cell secondary dendrites. J Neurophysiol 88:64-85 [Journal] .
9.	van den Pol AN. (1995) Presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in adult and developing neurons: autoexcitation in the olfactory bulb. J Comp Neurol 359:253-71 [Journal] .
10.	Berkowicz DA, Trombley PQ and Shepherd GM. (1994) Evidence for glutamate as the olfactory receptor cell neurotransmitter. J Neurophysiol 71:2557-61 [Journal] .
11.	Ennis M, Zimmer LA and Shipley MT. (1996) Olfactory nerve stimulation activates rat mitral cells via NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in vitro. Neuroreport 7:989-92.
12.	Chen WR and Shepherd GM. (1997) Membrane and synaptic properties of mitral cells in slices of rat olfactory bulb. Brain Res 745:189-96.
13.	Urban NN and Sakmann B. (2002) Reciprocal intraglomerular excitation and intra- and interglomerular lateral inhibition between mouse olfactory bulb mitral cells. J Physiol 542:355-67.
14.	Petralia RS and Wenthold RJ. (1992) Light and electron immunocytochemical localization of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors in the rat brain. J Comp Neurol 318:329-54 [Journal] .
15.	Sassoè-Pognetto M and Ottersen OP. (2000) Organization of ionotropic glutamate receptors at dendrodendritic synapses in the rat olfactory bulb. J Neurosci 20:2192-201.
16.	Trombley PQ and Westbrook GL. (1992) L-AP4 inhibits calcium currents and synaptic transmission via a G-protein-coupled glutamate receptor. J Neurosci 12:2043-50.
17.	Petralia RS, Yokotani N and Wenthold RJ. (1994) Light and electron microscope distribution of the NMDA receptor subunit NMDAR1 in the rat nervous system using a selective anti-peptide antibody. J Neurosci 14:667-96.
18.	Salin PA, Lledo PM, Vincent JD and Charpak S. (2001) Dendritic glutamate autoreceptors modulate signal processing in rat mitral cells. J Neurophysiol 85:1275-82 [Journal] .
19.	Isaacson JS. (1999) Glutamate spillover mediates excitatory transmission in the rat olfactory bulb. Neuron 23:377-84.
20.	Lowe G. (2003) Flash photolysis reveals a diversity of ionotropic glutamate receptors on the mitral cell somatodendritic membrane. J Neurophysiol 90:1737-46 [Journal] .
21.	Edwards JG and Michel WC. (2003) Pharmacological characterization of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the zebrafish olfactory bulb. Neuroscience 122:1037-47.
22.	Christie JM and Westbrook GL. (2003) Regulation of backpropagating action potentials in mitral cell lateral dendrites by A-type potassium currents. J Neurophysiol 89:2466-72 [Journal] .
23.	Margrie TW, Sakmann B and Urban NN. (2001) Action potential propagation in mitral cell lateral dendrites is decremental and controls recurrent and lateral inhibition in the mammalian olfactory bulb. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:319-24 [Journal] .
24.	Xiong W and Chen WR. (2002) Dynamic gating of spike propagation in the mitral cell lateral dendrites. Neuron 34:115-26.
25.	Debarbieux F, Audinat E and Charpak S. (2003) Action potential propagation in dendrites of rat mitral cells in vivo. J Neurosci 23:5553-60.
26.	Bischofberger J and Schild D. (1995) Different spatial patterns of [Ca2+] increase caused by N- and L-type Ca2+ channel activation in frog olfactory bulb neurones. J Physiol 487 ( Pt 2):305-17.
27.	Mori K, Nowycky MC and Shepherd GM. (1981) Electrophysiological analysis of mitral cells in the isolated turtle olfactory bulb. J Physiol 314:281-94.
28.	Bhalla US and Bower JM. (1993) Exploring parameter space in detailed single neuron models: simulations of the mitral and granule cells of the olfactory bulb. J Neurophysiol 69:1948-65 [Journal] .
29.	Traub RD. (1982) Simulation of intrinsic bursting in CA3 hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience 7:1233-42.
30.	Wang XY, McKenzie JS and Kemm RE. (1996) Whole-cell K+ currents in identified olfactory bulb output neurones of rats. J Physiol 490 ( Pt 1):63-77 [Journal] .
31.	Wang X, McKenzie JS and Kemm RE. (1996) Whole cell calcium currents in acutely isolated olfactory bulb output neurons of the rat. J Neurophysiol 75:1138-51 [Journal] .
32.	Angelo K and Margrie TW. (2011) Population diversity and function of hyperpolarization-activated current in olfactory bulb mitral cells. Sci Rep 1:50 [Journal] .
33.	Bischofberger J and Jonas P. (1997) Action potential propagation into the presynaptic dendrites of rat mitral cells. J Physiol 504 ( Pt 2):359-65.
34.	Mori K, Nowycky MC and Shepherd GM. (1982) Impulse activity in presynaptic dendrites: analysis of mitral cells in the isolated turtle olfactory bulb. J Neurosci 2:497-502.
35.	Nicoll RA. (1971) Pharmacological evidence for GABA as the transmitter in granule cell inhibition in the olfactory bulb. Brain Res 35:137-49.