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Distal equivalent dendrite
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Cholinergic Receptors
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| In triads made up of (i) a cholinergic axon, (ii) one or several periglomerular or granule cell dendrites, and (iii) usually one relay cell dendrite, asymmetric cholinergic synapses were selectively focused on dendrites (gemmules and spines) of periglomerular or granule cells. (Kasa P et al, 19957 ). |
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AMPA
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| Type 1 synapse (Pinching AJ and Powell TP, 197111 ). (Pinching AJ and Powell TP, 197112 ). |
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NMDA
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| Type 1 synapse (Pinching AJ and Powell TP, 197111 ). (Pinching AJ and Powell TP, 197112 ). |
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GabaA
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| Synapse of type 2 (Pinching AJ and Powell TP, 197111 ). (Pinching AJ and Powell TP, 197112 ). |
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GabaB
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| Synapse of type 2 (Pinching AJ and Powell TP, 197111 ). (Pinching AJ and Powell TP, 197112 ). |
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I h
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| (Fried HU et al, 2010 [Mice]16 ). (Holderith NB et al, 2003 [Rat]17 ). histological experiments found Ih expressed in many olfactory bulb cell types including periglomerular cells. |
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NO
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| | Using double-staining techniques, the distribution of NADPH-diaphorase (ND)- and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-positive cells was compared in the periglomerular region of typical and atypical rat olfactory glomeruli. The number of ND/NOS-stained periglomerular cells was much higher (P < 0.001) in typical than in atypical glomeruli. (Crespo C et al, 199624 ). |
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Dopamine
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| | Dopaminergic subdivision of the periglomerular interneurons throughout classes of vertebrates. (Halász N et al, 198225 ). |
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Gaba
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| | Dendrodendritic synapse onto mitral/tufted cells, of type 2 (Pinching AJ and Powell TP, 197111 ). (Pinching AJ and Powell TP, 197112 ). GAD-positive staining gemmules (i.e., spines) of periglomerular cells also formed reciprocal dendrodentritic synaptic contacts with mitral/tufted cell dentrites. (Ribak CE et al, 197723 ). |
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Proximal equivalent dendrite
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mGluR1
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| (Montague AA and Greer CA, 19991 ). |
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mGluR2
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| (Montague AA and Greer CA, 19991 ). |
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mGluR3
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| (Montague AA and Greer CA, 19991 ). |
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Serotonin
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| (Brunert D et al, 201613 ). |
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I h
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| (Fried HU et al, 2010 [Mice]16 ). (Holderith NB et al, 2003 [Rat]17 ). histological experiments found Ih expressed in many olfactory bulb cell types including periglomerular cells. |
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Soma
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mGluR1
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| (Montague AA and Greer CA, 19991 ). |
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mGluR2
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| (Montague AA and Greer CA, 19991 ). |
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mGluR3
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| (Montague AA and Greer CA, 19991 ). |
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Possibly from other interneurons in the glomerular layer.
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Gaba
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| Spontaneous and electrically driven GABAergic synaptic inputs to PG cells come possibly from other interneurons in the glomerular layer. (Puopolo M and Belluzzi O, 19982 ). Reversed chloride gradients, demonstrated by cytochemical methods, may be responsible for excitatory GABA effects on selected periglomerular neurons (Siklós L et al, 19953 ). Voltage-sensitive dye signals recorded from the glomerular layer reflect activity in periglomerular cells and that Cl- efflux through non-GABAA chloride channels contributes to the postsynaptic depolarization of these cells after olfactory nerve stimulation (Senseman DM, 19964 ). It was shown that stimulation of PG cells results in self-inhibition: release of GABA from an individual PG cell activates GABA(A) receptors on the same neuron (Smith TC and Jahr CE, 20025 ). |
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primary culture
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Glycine
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| Glycine and GABA exert inhibitory actions on olfactory bulb neurons, mitral/tufted cells, granule and periglomerular cells).(Trombley PQ and Shepherd GM, 19946 ). |
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primary culture
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Cholinergic Receptors
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| Periglomerular cells respond to microapplication of GABA, acetylcholine, norepinephrine and glycine with the activation of distinct ionic currents. (Bufler J et al, 19928 ). |
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culture cells
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Nicotinic
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| Application of acetylcholine (ACh) evoked concentration-dependent whole-cell currents (Alkondon M et al, 19969 ). |
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Primary culture
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Gaba
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| In primary culture, GABA and glycine exert inhibitory actions on olfactory bulb neurons, mitral/tufted cells, granule and periglomerular cells (Trombley PQ and Shepherd GM, 19946 ). |
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Kainate
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| In an immunocytochemical study in zebrafish 60-70% of cells showed KA receptor mediated labelling (Edwards JG and Michel WC, 200310 ). |
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NMDA
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| In an immunocytochemical study in zebrafish all cells resulted in NMDA receptor mediated labelling (Edwards JG and Michel WC, 200310 ). |
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I Na,t
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| Depolarisations beyond -40 mV activated a fast transient TTX-sensitive inward current. Once activated, INa declined exponentially to zero following a single exponential. The underlying conductance showed a sigmoidal activation between -40 and +30 mV, with half activation at -17.4 mV and a maximal value of 9.7 nS per neurone. The steady-state inactivation was complete at -30 mV and completely removed at -90 mV, with a midpoint at -56 mV. The activation process could be adequately described by third order kinetics, with time constants ranging from 260 microseconds at -20 mV to 70 microseconds at +50 mV. (Bardoni R et al, 199514 ). |
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I Calcium
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| Electrophysiological classification of juxtaglomerular neurons: bursting and standard firing. In contrast to the standard firing neurons, bursting neurons produced a calcium-channel-dependent low-threshold spike (LTS) when depolarized either by current injection or by spontaneous or evoked postsynaptic potentials. Bursting neurons also could oscillate spontaneously. Most bursting cells were either periglomerular cells or external tufted cells. Based on their mode of firing and placement in the bulb circuit, these bursting cells are well situated to drive synchronous oscillations in the olfactory bulb. LVA (low voltage-activated) Ca++ channel may be involved in LTS. (McQuiston AR and Katz LC, 200115 ). |
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I h
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| (Fried HU et al, 2010 [Mice]16 ). (Holderith NB et al, 2003 [Rat]17 ). histological experiments found Ih expressed in many olfactory bulb cell types including periglomerular cells. |
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I A
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| Two types of PG cells can be distinguished by the presence of delayed-rectifier. R-type has DR current and shows outward rectification under current-clamp; N-type does not. A third type, X-type, has properties of both R- and N-type. Zinc modifies the A-type current, but not the delayed-rectifier type: at given voltages, it reduces A-current peak amplitude, slows its kinetics. Zinc shifts activation and inactivation toward more positive voltage. Thus, at physiological resting potential -55mV, zinc accelerates repolarization. (Puopolo M and Belluzzi O, 199818 ). mRNA of A-channel subunit Kv4.3 is expressed predominantly in periglomerular cells. (In contrast, that of Kv4.2, also of A-channel, is expressed predominantly in granule cells) (Serôdio P and Rudy B, 199819 ). |
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I h
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| Ih current: slowly developing hyperpolarisation-activated current with a threshold generally positive to resting potential and with a strongly voltage-dependent activation time constant. The current was Na+- and K+-sensitive, suppressed by external Cs+, and insensitive to Ba++. The Ih should be tonically active at rest, and may contribute to the oscillatory behaviour of the bulbar network (Cadetti L and Belluzzi O, 200120 ). |
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I p,q
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| The distribution of the P-type calcium channel in the mammalian central nervous system has been demonstrated immunohistochemically by using a polyclonal specific antibody. Electron microscopic localization revealed labeled patches of plasma membrane on the soma, main dendrites, spiny branchlets, and spines; portions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum were also labeled. Strong labeling was present in the periglomerular cells of the olfactory bulb, ...etc (Hillman D et al, 199121 ). |
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I Na,t
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| PG cells closely resembled previously described periglomerular cells in their morphology. During current clamp recording these neurons were characterized by their lack of action potentials upon depolarization. Consistent with these results no Na+ currents could be elicited in voltage clamp experiments. Two types of outward K+ currents were distinguished: one which inactivated and one which did not. (Bufler J et al, 199222 ). |
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I K
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| Re: PG cells: Two types of outward K+ currents were distinguished: one which inactivated and one which did not. (Bufler J et al, 199222 ). |
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Gaba
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| | GAD-positive staining (Ribak CE et al, 197723 ). |
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